??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? COP27? ??? ?? ???? "???? ????" ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????
??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? 6 ????? ?????? / ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????.
?? ??? ?? ??? ??????????
??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????.
?? ??? 1992? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? - ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????.
?? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ??? "????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????"? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? 197 ????? ???????.
??? ??? 1994? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? "COP"? ????? ???? "????? ???????."
???? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? 1997 ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? 2015? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? 1.5 ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.
????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? COP27.
??? ????? COP27 ?? ????????? ???????
??? ????? COP26 ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? 1.5 ???? ????? ????? ???? "???? ????"? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????.
??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? "???? ????? ?????."
?? COP26 ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??
???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????.
????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? COP27 ????? ??? ???????? "?? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????" ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????.
??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????.
?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??????.
????? ??? ??????? ????? "??????? ????????" ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? 100 ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????????.
????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????.
????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? COP 28? ????? ????? ?? ??? 2023 ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????.
?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????
1. ???????: ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???????????
???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????.
?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????????.
???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???? 2030? ??? ????? ???????? ???????.
2. ??????: ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????
?? ???? ?????? ????. ???????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????.
????? ????????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????.
?? COP 26? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????.
?? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????.
????? ????? COP27 ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????.
?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????.
???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????. ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????.
3. ????? ??????: ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?????
????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? COP27? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????.
?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? 100 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??. ?? ??? 2009 ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ??????? ?? ???? COP27 ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2023.
???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????.
?? ?? ???? "??????? ????????" ???? ???? ???? ???????
????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????.
???? ?????? ??? "??????? ????????" ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? - ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? – ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????.
????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? 13 ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????.
????? ????? ??? ??????? "??????? ????????"? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? COP27? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????.
???? ?????? ??? 77 ?????? (???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???????) ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????????.
??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????. ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????.
???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????: "???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? "????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????."
?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????
???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? "??????" ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????.
?????? ?????: "???? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????."
?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????.
?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? COP27 ??????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????.
??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????.
????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????????.
???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????: "??? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????."
?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????
????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? 6 ??? 18 ????? ?????? /??????.
??? ????? ???? ???? ?? 30 ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????.
????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? 197 ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? "???" ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? 77 ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????.
??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????.
??? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????????.
?????? ??? ????? ??: ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? –???? ????? ?? ????? ???????.
???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? - ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.
??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????.
??? ????? ????? ???? 156 ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????.
???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????.
???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????.
????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? "????? ??????" ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????.
??????: ????? ????? ???????