03 ????/???? 2022

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?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????. ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???80. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????. ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? 99 ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? - ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????.

??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????????. ??? ???? 2015 ?2020? ????? ?? ???? ?? 10 ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????1????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????.2???? ???? ???? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? (IUCN) ???? ?? 8,400 ??? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?? 30,000 ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????.

???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????. ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????.4?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? 1.4 ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????.5

??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? 60 ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? 15 ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????.6?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???.

???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? 2007. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? (USEPA) ??? ???? ????????? ?????

???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????. ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? 53-91 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????.7??????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? 100 ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????.

????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ??? ???? ????. ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? 2030. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????.?

??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????. ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? (SDGs) ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? 2030 ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????.

???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????.

????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? 2011. ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? (USFWS)? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????

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?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? (UNEP-WCMC) ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????.

???????

1 ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? (FAO) ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? (UNEP)? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? 2020.???????? ??????? ????????? ???????(????? 2020)? ???? 13. ???? ??? ?????? ??????:?

2??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? (IPBES)? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????????(???? ???????? IPBES? 2018)? ???? XXVIII. ????? ??? ?????? ??????:

3?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? (FAO)? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? 2020. ????????? ?? ???? ???????.?(????? 2020)? ???? 54. ???? ??? ?????? ??????:?

4??????? ????? ???? 146

5?????? ???????????????? ???????? ???? 2018 ???? ????? 6 ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????????? ???? 12. ???? ??? ?????? ??????:?

6???????? ?? ?? ????????? ??????? "?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????????"?????? "Nature"? ????? 586 (7831)? 724-729. ???? ??? ?????? ??????:?

7???? ?????? "????????? ???????: ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????"? ????? "The Nature Conservancy" ???? 2012? ???? 7. ???? ??? ?????? ??????:?

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????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????.