?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? 7 ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????.
???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ???? ????? 7 ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????? 7 ”???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????“. ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ”?????“ ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ”??????? ????????“ ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????.
???? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????? 21 (1992)([1]) ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? (2001)([2]) ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? + 10([3]) ?? ??? 2002? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ”????? ????????? ??????????“ ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ”???? ??????“. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????([4]) ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????([5]). ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ”????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????“. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????([6])? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? 7 ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? 2030([7]):
????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????
????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????
????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????
????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????
????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???
?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???:
????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.
????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????.
????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????.
????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????.
?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????.
???? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????.
?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????. ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????.
??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? 7 ?? ????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ”???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????. [??? ????] ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????“([8]). ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????. ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? 7 ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????.
???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? 7 ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? 96 ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? 85 ?? ??????. ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? 59 ?? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? 2012 ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? 43 ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1990. ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? 28 ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? 18 ?? ??????([9]). ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????????? ???????.
????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????.
????? ?? ???????: ??? ???? 2010 ?2012 ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? 1 ?? ??????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????. ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???([10]). ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? 100 ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????([11]).
????? ?? ???????: ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? 1 ?? ??????? ??? ??????? 0.82 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? 1.7 ?? ??????. ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????([12]). ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.
????? ?? ??????? ????????: ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 56 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? 28 ?? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????. ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????([13]).
??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? 7 ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ????? 7 ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????.
????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????/?????? 2015? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? 7 ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????.
?
????? ([1])?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? 21 (1992). ???? ??: .
????? ([2])?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? 2001? ?????? ??? 9 (E/2001/29? E/CN.17/2001/19) ???? ??: .
????? ([3])?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? 26 ??/????? – 4 ?????/?????? 2002? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? (???????? ??????? ????? ???????? A/CONF.199/20) ???? ??:
?.
????? ([4])?????? ?????? A/RES/55/2. ???? ??:
????? ([5])?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????
????? ([6])?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????: ???? ????? 2030 ??????? ?????????? 18 ?????/?????? 2015? A/70/L.1 ???? ??:
????? ([7])?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? 7 ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????:
????? ([8])?????? ????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? 2014-2017 ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? 3-14 ??????/????? 2013? DP/2013/12.? ? 7
????? ([9])?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????: ?????? ??? ???? ??????? 2015? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? (??????? ???????? 2015)? ? 63.
????? ([10])???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????: 23 ????? ?????/?????? 2013? ???? ??
????? ([11])???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????.
????? ([12])???? ?????? ????.
????? ([13])???? ?????? ????.
?
????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????.
