ࡱ> "#`!a^p/"MVvv+$.x|$Yu.uTMY^lLZ2`c~g]6G`Ie F$4Y9,Vcu{fG$N߷ꮮ:=su( yR?z&֛KނG/۾]o=PIYk oȟ}ߛͿK};38xxI/S?Яx]Qg Gp{oFkQK[/QDEQĊH(UCa2+1 ל\ y?,]ȸ://(rȉ"'(rȉ"'(rȉ"'(rȉ"'(r*sr.sYіRk;Eޏm!$ldG݈kA։#&t"E6 Zr!ikA"k##;ߏ_SU,\v\Պ!DJ|#eBց >]}:+li) 2␯aGVڗfMY A) qSE\w!c-K'<5"C 6Aet4^sŘc".']O͓"DrYF)"qN9wiY/Uq==È#Ҷg-;D+>RĹbmY_ЙG ؠ*9lt6焺Ƽ>ۼ>t {xLs .ˁ:VDGN(rB&y~A{#+Rfd/N'8>p\|ȉ䄥Av6mo@xvD'\IPEH'|oJ-/Z+N0ƉlcK1ݺ"7GhOp?[{U|^]'DBS"l}wcuxEN\ZNDѱ^fN!:w #H8!+"o4;@K++P se':Ac1j!P Hk Q\a9@ͳtɈbnIL\W>%@״B3ME9)(ޢx38!eEX~^_MMEf8I@YJ!,[Sċ)#ulbl$L OpDA>6miUͫ}a=01+6B׷a 6!ҲgLZt"$.R,$>;.~1>- O79/EO6B329s'əE wF ҀC2焢~}9J8s P4N9y$6o$3ćV$SL\k~֏8= FzxAM/E? ŚB.|9!9rn dyj%H'Nb,^l _xo;(Vk>xA|kw$X'=Q%s pYȞ'ոzb|||o-hP9<^*< q&O!^5"S|bth#-O;68Cgw| /¶z)n+\ ӳrA7KThsy>?3'.4Dq*g r;ۍl;a|L䜈]L$.D_14#;2{,Bn\HRvQ{  o@k2<4|8|U9k,$!qu5~"/S\\_cev(R4 7HK+2/ `BO9 BTv|-';sN}s;>ȼTrw6C y.TEЦ_L04S6&ȿ)L"jAl;/jdd}5zE\:)֞lF6$ͪ"4ާUl\O, G|pێ9{>+!4ըa#j!=h3ݤ%1>]RYGa  bct!3-㭀TѾW9 t>T9ᄬ"01 x#lfyq"49i%g*,1ҫM*rjFN"2IiNHEN7'i1?Z!\)Sĕ/ilUB Nf#%9qsJ>\>$~T p"<]8³ [ظo"Ym! E=! m Ky>~c3y>iBqaXOc#8=ms6^X@agHgP"q) DFoF҂T bSO5ą=" +wzƎ_'BUkl٨:'!jXlZRм􌶑/Z RNZ WT^G!? _beE{+A6$,H2!r'[=A~gVD|F 78Hze0Q88Vya /dnk!Vdk +У+AP'ik0ݡH"tܤ}Sm%ǰ-c9?}OsZdS$!?ZXgt9xFHgAt7B<!]3~hۗ AK-ŻO!23TC5 o\{>EQLa > mԎI]‰v$cg gD>j X\`v-l,?iwh;bC h|,eCztX;=ҐYj7'5ɉj(X(p{$ : hyq"fi #2"nڜ([Q2*2("G ^s@Xs3D1lV^ek]POϱ5,<9(R վȉڜO!=vx&sB9k`_967bĉkz%1҉oT_iu30̌45}na)>"nDh{fôOhfzq͢qB^\c$,6)\W;mCew8&:#9r^}$F NniIFR,u0q`i ;YEwP kM@r΋}0yzbR@V]qRyl/I8W(SpMՐ8@_'m8/EZy-8ñ}i>vbykE[\p5`~'rN(1yb[9O'H_ S>t3#ǩv[!Vּ/ bE`ƹWF)W`+p'8p7#_YRJU dOZ]LyaaVGwl(Mw OOqh r*s>x>an&Q^Γ 晇o sEG:!2R k)>ϒסUR9CqNz46e|`nHu _6gd9*k{W8_TV9h&B;|xE]k;):EN+'\. -ZDWDt=]Ht8q Z!!cf>$Gٳ٠.s{9'Ȱ XH\ysBms?T E A"}Cxx?s&== 1(9L_deV!07t#pY E[> Q B;aݏwuaRǶi[y,߁V4ޅ_l\AUtr{CwRf5y}vU=}^U?`ג!;oWyކǡ sR:M3| l\-C/"O\`<(K/ĉ!5}I(I&N 11P"'.dUځ8M9g&J+Z͊u&x}-dY:oLa5 clBkKoX, 8oPG6ᙯ}ڜH-{`9R;îE#Y?Px'vyv}y|ƫ)v:^ n8'K9m==_.NoIzA9-'hc20^@^ -/XN@*j QBL!COІJL7b5<ٵL%emYl.:qVӃה}j?֢psDӍH[$urIɏ ,yF R }js/e]8/}␇Ol1_u&sYȞ8?Tעз psX5G\aI__Z;B"}X*i5 غr ">ʸ/?dzᷴ5ً޳${9ޢ.P<|b=Taonr ]oAvs|Zqq›@LZٿ@Fbd⪽0 `*YR}BJe1 ܏M_l/C&1bR6C0.9pQ@lpê`]a9^,cg@]'0u OO}1 @H^o"l]T%,i$q'H2BB:_ XbFʠd0@%ΐ#u5VLr4kz\'flt.#_$07A$cF u|- PZ_?|CԆ'?H-^g1x__ޡ3 Or\JSZc,|8֛LpN˘kwX2CV/(z*+@|MENHZ'ȆK*$1 ]Pwͱu0Um-LF69!-RhЗ!g0r ks"XYN1] d =1Ć8N0|G/O !'\c{9pO$'+T>&X ό83DI!G۠8a<͉^f q"M6d&N$p5x'H4"ʹ!~s1J 6}X,AIb+經Qi ;j1WDŢW',j\<!'ܤ :wBeEX3OL9>[,k65 HH=سiĉM2K9V[ɐ8D*t=NU;R~A2n,0=M #4!یkr"AM1f&}vc^qX 04?\MOOߩ>;x-v4}#wAe ֨"N$UBb#9,g 5#-_z(qB 0!NXwپdr*H"J:#نַNGt) /q"Bǔa(\ Kذ 6NzL&v ,x58Zx5R:t “xj9CN8SO '17HnnbR&9ܫ7i{,> c0D!o<"E(v"Aq/ڿrf:"y,7@yr#cM ?>At?/+ӨC軌 \L[YjT k0co0Y?sr]Xo[Zq\"Bh6&6IĂ=HEPf"$E\*Lς rCVO>B$)rH"(FJ+"=+#A]y-%@xh xSw!Z*K0 "_g&/ osPxMðڹSSoG'f!xS3`g8QYURO8pm 'w#H@$G%)#C5l2>U4,i츂qļ^U{G+dI⇏8q&? sa Y%DVYQRnB}_@v?>jS_s"@~?L[W_jsUIĕ$2J9@HQU>|m7>O48iVz[p#  LPM`NwL_ȱ%>x;icj.@>+̇͟:' @4 Kzup?3j:T5 _:jxMZ?V$ҒF3,+Hiϼb6cͿaڠd(ϖ T^# 3/%6]8'Fsq[Bmx ?PǰD7lHי-w%P7E轹 3:Xv!Ul/}uĕ ^ $uVsNHv 셣o?5= \ ȐbrS8\߽m>@O``ihCs{P}S8clCz١Ap;]H kkyv2G߼ }yrbc\3blOώ *?{#OC[a6 VXa1Om4ƕ_'0@HZ;c+r;x:qt2HRKn@l M0Bvl} .!4ԤuQ0ZJ0^8't 7!Ir|;/G ;Ps19ts _ADz`|n Ŷے'~$, L7cRqކ+nƔ7߀ :Ln؄HIۿl#]fB"!8/ppzNw:^xpN lrÌ+؇(3 xnx}WM]c0x]}phI+ܱcD(,IjoFcI9MkY6_^X Ikf%d&2l1k4!]^Tq1GNQ5"*IT"EI?4R"#? ro10?1G˯&oߋHFgުep&8qNr.?N_o_u|L4G6țcs\VO% !O%xIvd.#bc dD8\7C{$Jp1]Tv "G1(!Q /M=[m!QZBZ#qoTw = 9zjꬃ5^>FbyɁ1Ҹ$$!8UB.V&J%I#!KeL`;V)C)lX?N񽀉北߀r!z}L0Wn8KxHR (m=V|6cx )iDæAIטp/ފLH`h| >ҷaĺ>*e9Ӱ‹p.$?,¨.焊45r1)Rᕳݍ$gL<#eԯ'X_pLbYvÝ ՌG>4c6ޤ&3z6=i~L@|p'4Yj ԷkFEpoYԂ`֠Su},mlR!U@`dӍH6g9 -puH;B6=T}w1Of<zbԨqB l.FwxJc+ޏO o#P/r[) w^Q \jLYv`j%{9q&{̶{<#QJH 2HΫX/T>G/sm ab':vL_x8G%}̍,߀s)3i}SĉA,JZ$n0*N"n+⎛{'>ϑB>mz_y:(%GLyX>n mEN\)0P[^@ QpBcZM5@w+ iߊ+ԗeu y dH ?oDםz u߀J6XoFtO1_ْw_?koUW=i鞭7ɮ|V6BYZRw"/lj& Nη8bBbQG_W4idqv߰7) KNLބ6!I~#k\E)ʀ i<~쮿[)#&_PJA9/KJLC] ˘ߋ1ַU0(Ŭ 퀷j]-:o3]E8dݽt],ȉ}ǫ mGɦsܞX"j?zYV_j'ISt/|ueJ&F37p8׿J=jv3L tܤGHbiiS)b%%po \O߲ %7dpM`èc)%fKFacNh;orxp5zYt [ƋO\1 p솽k'w`5Z^!w*9pn獎KW='6bR;"9(V]sc _BM<ߌ÷V`C҅߼zCi;jeHoBOWҝ; |8렆kO =DdyI{#J-WB]iaϠ7b_~'{xf~h76?x_zP0LxVi8b܀l?{t^ lAЯ eXz3;Jά3&~đBʺP=uH!0wk"IQ{MNsn`?磐_H,rGi5!S.ա/D24R1Ʊt I+߈F,<f(KO*-8w"I0B[B/8aHz7nDc?~3)~LXP^t^L2}9!pwBHEν~^<u!4Aַ?a|h&9"5Fqk8YΉtuj7k%Hln?DO>ٲ2T`܄YX~uFt  ~ |x=AoP;K'Ј߇L~g0-J(H|ٌIsoی=3{y )ߋ #5).;(ڂ}/d dW-[=  {7 7?!ᜨ^#}8s锃yi9W\T%$Z>axsνV9PN0eظ򸾄k}A#`n?rw.T珈/!@LF3]^e'~ 6h'Eʉ#'"lb q]aFEBx_A(3ZA{tB p6킧j8:pM#ڷqaq[G^gv 海8tGf}~εT+]t>.+\ϰzD >i:B. faVבmƷ}ԃH4~ULpo AX y!lGy)<}qjPӑ]1&6sER>G] čJ0XI"02ާ0gwPej^O^0W {^[w Էs19Hu]lBӿ&M>Uqh%}1v"-ڏm{{?ɗl_K4N8$ ۿn@dXK yX>kYLhD?Mx ?8+*ȶ -KeK&qd::^˦ІۡT:ℎHzJ_*[ԛI8o^h}#lH7~ MY~ zaz`;&ą=ڍj̐>Hp"b̑H~bi=Ր=!: ĉ8[k Os5=<g Nb!b9kk-Jά$BJ 8&dLF>AZ_bs y gmdr SICN= AD|9kHc3 e~ 3;N*&т"Mf3+Hsn/c}Th7i*d_)Jcy13k8bpr3hۿCRe a319q`p3?m6jIwtn>ܷ"<]UV [5"W!<ט"sz|Lg |6 k$z]X"8Vy sI['>#C DQ'x %x]qi{?Bݺ'p [1g>3>oƝ%t2 LzCo1N`釐6(48+cu_ [gYX]U}'~jljEI_Hc:BupP6M^o kW5Vs\d| _i{I<6e3" h)}އWgdGMWJ~e6#\OVbP71s)efe~zpۺ޴ֽUYٶl9ػwAPrYℤ~1kE*v'|<|0}m@%OGOkK>:ͷؗq&<@(-g&/9 l҇(CHWLxw?Lg&юZBrcѽoiPX)2¿8w n ^ 6\N\)WPW`Fbo+fza{'clL;D%ake ڵ#]{1ܹto&1Y KG5fpwg; ׎62!Z W{o?s!X:'8UpARܤJ:(u4Cm']/^ۃj:p-0Gq7%)Gr)&bz[m)l^s3Uؒ~>.o?+sPϷMb?1"ٟ"~I!x?9͟^لRf=$;H~րtN;:͆w`o \N?rSَ@']K;d*l[a%nXwc};&;vyq!{I}'On!?Lpm]XSlb!.Z K? WGضq]>Tk4O#stm@)8w?']uobXY7`b|}d^%еUDt 'ֆbq{tl+I6"'趧ub4)!؇,>=A'-0Iڇ1%}}nFm-#m8kwϺ7#"[ɿ쀣ҙ$RŸ,[E(/ ek_zNp[avu_W o#N}^gر_wA/1 }udtlbo~wZp#ViB~}D"]C [ vo v\ =Iq{kTh YLXAYҤKٚ)96~ II}>sq y`w2;aD7Ck9IO/?PNҸ b6][ȿl#ߴG-jɧkQRI*_P |N`9{xVFJ^oi{zZck֊ p}$|:?H%@\q\ qrlK/sk9LBqzNuП}'sǗp/9_Xsj[%mVOr.+6]'!Ji:";y=Xn8#31:ei,8P4?^Ŝؾ>WNl >I9/9w*}p 'E;VK{0\G~o-)ful˘ܹN'a/O],fz1LZOv-%#^pNzGKYz '\Ŗ,;QO-gphxmܻVKUhlSjKw~%.;]/ E .GXHC7n!) t^/}/ӕ?!}*3|5M,|׿Bct(obspn^i?*WEU;wf=f*J|Q'w ZN$+sxB HvO6Lhk5|q(b4okFVRS@>;/jrK󴵓7DAl/nsԮ˕4mĸ^uK; 'OkcfқXmSږpA4#[hݾK͉0qb94w Kbtjt}b".Ya0*]_ ¥=KWf赹2 A8G)ԚbI:n1C_ɘFA ę2Cv2vSs֚WA~ACx*sQ}{{ }瞄[~m.+tHUlDb'aC)n0clۓpؼl^s 쵫s7½[ѱAj["VAN< PYފ5QW_;+Cl\#ۈB[_!-"$hO?SҎgDJ~4+0.ĉ& qC",J0_iD1]r Z)Oad O"xO e~\9dϣpu|?V*i6A21q#DJb;Fb^#T+qsY']، 'c̠pcEԗ61 Ût֝p {]`?ޅ/~_S0y ڶr [πqq[ ;<,6O͒v9jayհ(DdYN";rD'&_Cr50XK=`"='! @;e0RۯBGzB% ϡT'Co7 ¤:D|aHA_GO?W  (#PuuFg|qZ Nh4^V`yax&wc9xWdz5W6o=͍*XNmD׭xSecc<`L46 0&r0۲ZsnBKj9*׭p+XϩARԒڭU}vW>}*5<+:wQz UJhnah8AC~@<،2 xP|B}} uX)R; _!kg(~K[kHEBci=ކFtC^k@Rȏ|O' } %74 bԠ'g` >c0UJc|`΁Qn*+dk-lAyTK%BGZZչ!,oR:'LǗH#ɨ4z¿F#W 3$^7RaU FQO-?jF4G,- 5w=7VuU ċ<}Ѐd c_`|`~fŪGCExoBw &xѩ#pN_\^ω/PDe\VoO|AD7mulG]U?ԽU:?!'^=GC_hi5WbJᜨ34w?{R-wb)|1ymq@6n/W`+pjsi@hixȇQ"2QoG/'LDZ| {s7^6K\P .W%)bޟIH{(.(0{14Zn?7`$NY]f+tktW$^q?ͤJ6 yla?µ46d8xp?]DO"=,cGgC_6!L+LB~:=Vrmn}I_}EĺSps< }0AW (&U}'5ߗZ\ϫ|ʍ RAH1N%(y >,xT0[ ăǡ}Ay$)n֖">Cz6루Z%0x,4Wc=q!K,4}Ժ5yEkQK^-Wp ٝHA9d;_e#d~ Ʌ琟<ĩǑl'1;Z?sШ,]GZbWܛ!d;^&'C'@|8z_i%QBE7,ciqB ~Rb?+BDD'0?>KǛ c|;CkDzY/tչ_@}jNxj> D1fnφa[d{i.k>VOq9/lΑ]gy}ꘒDƼYc0{c}9>!{տ} D>𳢸4$71>#w&'ھ<?#-(uעL~s4?: _GXH txϓvیl=zΉ4kc6b,(E:!؈|M]+~TWzfc7'qnlsQ#@%cŻYU0<a;A[z#kG;]"*V>O DZJO?>UL"sm?Ztog ّgj^o'؞byWdĤ"\"z#%ǯ<``B~+?A+}Yt>fH3`qcn^_Q5teQ"w4 Xzb > Z~u4¯Q 9Gx >-RgfG~ igw}/X9LXe9$/"c !wC(4,bf8SUp\3#FR 07t Zq8NAFHlޢ66{s*VxlEAtSLPKt.I:xi $_0iIgDofcNOzhTHbO4a: YpdϠ<] ёTDž2e,WD`'>g$V L}Q8!BmY F?Hܡ }\"@~xEyqQn0%$#)r7lO [8!J2Ro?HgZÕ{4Ưoqs+t0> ¼IaR"u՝#ɰG{<5zzdt9hS{P /EIӾ(#lo :FH~Hg~>fz٦@FZDqؼx ,_AQ|t?B_x6Ucf6cWk7gڸ_ 5'aY9sX08qb ćC/ _iWrwXw$}' sc/ ٍQFE|kz59=̍Ł1CX}jx9~bF ]K*i):r9ӿ+8ò>y#7*rŭSz󜡺'0.k7a㣸cn %W|I7h8">_j!L1Es#C_!ن {Y O`>A yzčdߣ/R`tI/9ړp4TOto~ň3 \ xN`}z 3i|C`8(9vUs#4:G` |LjBTϜΗ/}F5-Q6ʸ@X' W6!IGl`=uF?Ohה6= y>7!§ȩ0%5􈰪>Hʢ/w$ھ[{-ڰ34~?<1 eeP9tٍlYlMPPaĉ0#uFk^>Q+7$tE yJk(^ы% fύ4}[}5NCoT>݁0-| <8CѪ ǐzxl_Sw=Ǥe'H1Sc|i)X=AZĭb^H._oRkyNyQW}UW_M{W_|Mu"_W1X!Lć:_~2qIא.cEZCjdsuMO?k` ~c}P2QGMlD : #a:d۫<k{`+]E;= A{xka* 9 ż4zp_Q{G7OP(s>!Фy=\B@9|aF\ q%(TƉr]#z#º{qꞝI6/\zYD^PSx!ćazt&gGn3pv?ky0LAx Y]@Iz=VDTQ|>V6\g9!?Ʋ9<`|M}><@ؼ~%V4Ub޻ ȧPP/!oZC:?3=ѣ C#px-{/8=­u=:"^j5پ)B N9f 4Mlvc$=VƯ{Li?r_|IHFbG?o!?8Qz֤EqC=cV/ iYP~xHX]'Gޏ,_] 2&|)jYFC#+tTslށFUjC+FuƟ^ؚT-'dH ,W\#%+P}| |j1 }=BpQ>SHvyjIq> <YHְֱx Dʦ8w΂a9-6b:>`Ss MY _ϭ iY$uf`7pŽŏ!~'F`lmlj%6GrtA̳T+EV $\1ɍn,_5K1J>Ԝņsă"6w2jmOl6c\Sxǜ(\-c4o`+ې܇1NhmljU{)ֱ i(gqXϝyaƉ[l)[,@$0LԿ|Z[&Nd4Ȳ9h:i? 8qos[0Jqy|Y]g.djؽUDe]܃߀^񇍳FȯuM YG7%? wljxcpNNgsX>qqu[\`߇Tqýg\_VɿIgI!$_7F%P6z}Og 000.'Ly:w&GF4M=K1=kcDZ"O55l tu|7Tt:-X"XuQ\5~2΁j~xvㄣ0E.[3z*xX,^ V%TF@`c?lb Eh0TKԱ@mc [[GQ>@/-+[;>qdALS _Q$AN2?kB=_k SL嫿MqAi09w!x|ů4O[ۺs Bdp/B]0{0FP8q˘Xr qgEDgqƆ$ăF]k h&/م?Ri'tls m^yb'J© 5F,׌=_cbfkɜzXvs"yo]H 퇿sڏb5T'2"N+F=:'14OPF1g&ƣfa[7C>?E|?}FDH7~1D j0Fx&L#F ]`}'^vs"q[w}"NxZwajtqNąuHފ< >tZO:DC&c7zf mݷ4!~6H 5 mFQ hAPGi~+_D9s xkSyDfJN8;Ff<Kqq;OIֵ5vsb$pDHzO%tRZ5W@f}T٨YݛX!})lO+r%އ%m#&Hā0>ҧ2\凌9°ϋ|,WI>dW?s/ݱ=~<6uCSqc=/`h9A!U( a&II@`{.u|j 57\#7@iu7$zVoÀc`4Txl}u5/`O a8[a{8ȏ{QX9'>⅋bcl;VxC^$: K{u8qSy]6״MMdC|(OZKf&9pV#/6??U2,x4BIgs _S\AݥxGxԺ1}bBjxo8~9't(˿ U߀ ;炭f5ZM0i |QK~A<˸e1Vk r}XBVWPszp?S>n8i'W7ܷ-l6:ֳKGfPKPy\N0$rND?փꑬ5 Blߗ:V~ Z7}H<(}4"f4G=b>9q7HF#a{ƉoX8Qzlx{ܷYpMؽξ`܇c'!JqV?fsB$N(ruܶ\,Cr8"b$NPbI,8i(KƀF4.rUOX蹿 y'@t{7i݄=w'<1࢘ip7> [6vH+R5NPDgT:Ro#:i$\NIS%))XlM#K\;ąнhm9pQj߇>SNxvQFbyxչ]potlaV!rP.Iª꥘f7n, /,qB*H*e}6@e{nԢlB`{{tV9^.l6!qm߿B446X9]wu'mabB#ܝwx #xc0.s/ĉdx=oa̴h(+r"Z5Nܞ`ue #{qn ZyGs?<sGȬw1'<܅@6u<k瓰T̶ ]D8\. Ɖےe##cA[(3&?cs_xavwpw|St"N솗k+\O8\;` Lpd(WV 3\y =~w%1;&-%E!~feDk#]gÞ6/oʌt,Pqqj#ao_׶kݻlFx`zfFaN1Wwgҷ ݇0<$Y -@, X#}~x![e|Sԍ}jw2PQEHw!4AV[側yvv4\>]D,d$Oݼg Zp? {N[ B}jGw> WS;`(+[ e2ַI8؞,7U*7U%KVUqn||nLo=A2'XMˈaizk;咱ZZ+SՂK67bWsi*#ֿ'mb֧&Nku=Wpn^̾ݯF?O=X*D>͑Kʵ . *KБT(;L/1Mf5S \O)rMNl}d%OکB%^tZD5w>Ւ0QdOWƊ5"'z u:oz,146§a qM)ڱ0l>ݮJ}xA:ombm;B>w|wعiAF"a P*K`_^s=,dž]oUN9' P 9Ҩ N`pQ$z"g?tF=2F;.t6踏X_6Aau<%[,lܑ> L?wxpy:vv"Y5޾pm"iPCpqj?ξ\x+ »d9 Oa存p Vf,.fi" k0M8Qfk_QLl&46`is3^_© N|8_+fd VkىxN7&ң];aM{Vq1#=Q?9Fö26^ =ڹ]q2߉E'RW)2G$7#IILy+MM0uhiտcϣ?s_ ?Ga9ytuu . N?b~3r&ħz_gw{?̤/~:a nk gA[ܶв ~8r"mpxM:)r Sfc r:GvaT#oU,8RU4r9lĉ c1쀟bDqjK)OQP9 gz/ãӠ4̎bnN킫o+ =O 6n+pD`UTfʏ)}5=ACw RѶ 5,(sv섽u?t.lm9s[0z!y=ח_Cz sB _IyMbkW%S8Wp7lSxK#rٺ tREIysd G_DK ځ/}:\/lG_ tnElp y6$~2i<] 2;ۣN|uz|{MCoe5ׯnWQ`Sl%]L`yL=X<Xj' Gɬ[ȏ>E|^ '0>xcݘCd&FΓKg t@8]Xڎ ;`'~(.IckO9xC~`nٍ( s>|mێY6vǞzU7X 9o{| O`D*L妳ʕ9n]N%4@1DtW1{(Fڏao'Z"$"#-ĺN:$<]"m{{Lk9D=Q>Vң}ԯF^㜺 y,}xZx [+Qn~0!쇯X[Io9Yu0b8ڶ\2vc]t Rotr2ijQ5oٜB%H-'v0GF[wbix[ S"!Лr8ݏ`bM; 6緑 ;a97{D>a[n8OA{5u8orlOImǜ諭ƉeA:6Sus Mǵ&=ۃDKz\@dL$[7PJ2I陙#Gߺ8f +aay1 LSR_m&{3N8YAx6u$̓jI>g;6z-noIo`|Xd؃=؈ +c]1Ӱk OF{Ӱ:1x:`vV6u]`{e^:~2'Kk&bs0v<;4ő-SZi* dqYT%l\ͷby2טvyj O"溏oz.Sn*D82o!3]Mg"c淵3vM'XNpcGD 1m O"q~ gfc;s -araBJ90;*U=+W+$'nI=Lm䶳96cyJjuV^ϟ6jGUĈ;r O-3 wc<+U+m:?\'╜PsxײHZN G߫,Z)|.yv^osXOHS-$t=_5yY*iJ8BAHEUsy,|q?k*XXf"(/":Ξy>^ӚAq ?CEAϙZĹ;tO(g7Z0ŪG`>{|a&B8I|GRDV)!N+H e"2Q c|8UU1c٘\~,EK",N3FZbiG)}֧jf/2tnlgwqn%ʹ=X{6]8>ǻY)KO!4J=ǷćB>uv/ށ~ f^8W^A6 NOej =ӓEoo/[YAgytw OlˋչV2.Psj} -g쪝ۚs;{ifz0-OL1q7Y?[8nJ[-K5K9a'mℵ +DK58q[/'`c8Qvz;q~n_`cGONٜ]}5W`_sX\Fk NV2MqGkͧԬƉ'jVD5m&w㶎L[WhҰgحf2&佣eL3[̕sYk>h(2uZt}&Kg1Olp6MϦ|h]Ȇ8F2P;(k 嵥sw-4Vk5+^s瞤wOFgZ޾-yjκ/syW Ow_K:R\w5@ Z21"I(eYUR+RDE*r1W2d:Bńu>iYLSy!kڦkSw8Z{}[˻/f:g,"EUej?VJTKMUb>]ȥS2hNyWbلu*(xƋx*xCk^׊QjX5B"U$A+\e"YmuSujEQSTt> ;' yjxJ+109gS1_ H**E0UB_O%UAVʕJY(➹hdsڲk5<%xȹ3Q)TԲZVH!@1m40`)*miIJg(XD}<6sZlmZEqT=9W?Y`> *BE*rytd-J e"ҕQe2J3!n]H{Fޠwg]I'nC 5SU5VIհո'.Gn'<̓t>r{,ϋ7Zz˹oX6)j;(rNŝcI )i#<ߎ▱s<;9744ܵڹtyne%My/D=!GMw-݉ &ZuWsxɒ$҄*iaR)+)q#CŀWY%A R B:>wf&]]QD O}ބ߫lEE<7Idx*ĵ9kJEE.P̧1D>ʆVTo]*DʒRȥJQdJFst5bO//ֺ  -lk CB[Y)S/+IP+"Ͼö ,CRy42[RWX~TW5ӻ)D_WVc+p -Ao{}nSo&R;OʯÓ RR/DW nN۽Es BVED"t'QS4dždvORIN3fŽwd!XeN*Yx [X!W⩬RJf=Z] E-W OECY!I -'YZGx[ OIR2u\T9W\_a㜖Ed(d},%+^œtw*T\W!s 5< J,Ҫl\&c#Pћ^q]桴'hsܗ>qdlYP~+|)$LÙޔe`}VnK鮨Xhk;kkվOr"B]]:F9$5BZYkԒ7Ms [oC*mX{5D? F'UQSkr:c+}ѕ+a[:$] GW<[;6³ӯ)G)29|xi$mm-PL!覬1=)vE1KGܕ'NR*7ykxXVa/|Kcվ-ii^<Fο: $9+;, ?% YL1 '<+! 3nn]/RR>M6Jҩթr_F:3wCηyOxڈTDJ/Ǩo3FS\ - g3`/)l-5'Uzj&.f)KuOQK(ē̇6V_ /ǯ8-x-vF~AxX7/b!W=+CBGu^ύFpp-9$q /PLzW] 5<]b+K ed,G_姃ce_+oәR1.S^2Ė󃩹Xpz<Bu(ȔYU*Awx?^nJG O\7*ϝu; _V«ѥR~,i)Q̗"RTT\|]i1/M[CKmF3mj.+,-xR)_mIid!R䌢)Nd[(T*lbbo Oœo_a)T S`B|!yV0&Z3\̪V",ķ, iD)9_^<]zݝ3NMxRۯS|\lledZs]m vbN.L;A js_j~6c*zx=ߞH,/DR.bE8T"(P(0?0 \WO[$w0)k|{l"󝱹lwz5tֳ>Ֆ1Y&1OX_[ tZ<-<+g!'//ݨl1U-%*Xl O2l(}%T6+1b|܉?v<:VMnZ"x#7uZ3󯲎j;nQr"-"6_ݥx,Ů"ϡJf\AaK;nHRYY^ lXӊ,i TU$d9'ts>جܰ}&D%6VJ1'2fЧT2aŶYHWR%#cz5z>vcr - e$x&ly< - VRLfEO+7* XQB$EJĆbRtYH k>٤׷9|(XfGeR1FxJ =, a-`/KXnĺgy5dz{xOrL \Z:HD]X+d*UL0Q#TJD3"!dzUBpk9xxJN{"1e93Mf^xuW^ ;NMkrNus~S\)dr\qQ ebAIeU*LoެG~(XI_\fRUcR)[HL%QKYR)/36VW*UZX>=6 KmY+35<#Ԙ_ Z /ڲQX,yONuꁊ*3R(R{2~H'!$K٥,,, QZ˾ݥ@HwT$YwXl2{8lLz}&#3sy=MOCZie֣AqJS%!0|@7R6Yڴ?HhZmW,\ χ-l²neg9evL^Oɺlw3W᙮Og˼5yzc'\ |}8j/r[;SLlssϽ2u_5K_ƶH2N!ؚ0xHC9Iܭ"{Iu,H2I??'I* 0!Q҉RQ oǗƇ?#8~e2Y~~?0Ol(.֔\#-oh{E32/uL|%ݷi_hdٟZϋdGx)KvY^cbQb(a@X+ j0K xb+T1Af )(ra%Eq6'~ I~o߾MS!NtNLM5:RO&xgs`lPR'XGyZ(t5FBޓ%Mې']eYFkl0oD pdؐtz>rB*J40z; ,H$,D .Gl$&n -늣A?7ys71$mNG[C͋M3 wtgks)|u0]tMU&O:Pc}umu,7;г"3~1Ɔ|Bg=o2'QQe4hM$YrCpJ Ӗ[Ԛ[3]BuFڂ#> Pč@'+]C%0⣭Ʊf(]3VƔ8Zsp;W횮xCM|5d{3 $F)ȋf{ejɼGQ[(ҦM?yN6\85^bh<iJ،'Dp!U'MZռVݟ{|O~<(0d$ <}4|c-fh]Oڱ7d 1fU95ZDݥV,}S6 ,óV+{;$er.m%_ _G$/xrQ ( QO 7OH G"#0^HsǬ$Jt(L O(, x $ ^`oDi:ԯ T'X2'yO7dRRZֲ&d5Y.X2͔fjʅ;nJc$.&s F,B3QsX"kj_vy1n~M@,)mBF :!LD8ZwEx7(l pBpR<8 B咚h|f><[?5[㜨u󎿫;FHKXb"eR#EB aV 3b8"Fb Dvo[E\8`p"O|OlHK0BT,.'Fq&k89rBŅ.' J8ȤD/- G5RKd5^_hL_/ϓ[Zl) aV<яX>)tp񲼹}iaJzMyՔ@]0 B4` D% $4{xƑ ZJD~lo2%&x_'T%S-5'f.`4ԚM њKZucjPo^շZ}N=dcZܯ`lSRKPfEͣ箙4MV1LH(e#@s 86 LaCT^o1ΙL?'4H$!Et4Qh2xǭƱΑwK|-5FIc!nhix2tf.BţtWi\T)7TAQUnHS7B/F#v tĴL07O *D2wW{{/ZCC y. KHxSw?bk5Gx*ycg`Ὡ3W c<-vGO12ͤbآOC35A( 5!.EɌ}3)D 0 а@l|xzS৫-|'yC_oNƚLuwOJid <_E|goDoӲa6,-M|מ큽pJnBm$4ӔfFXpG ),EDPed +ǕpNv Cw/ i?ZҀyp%Iy 5{侓xʓo錠z㹑 O̥&EbNjϓPEy-v"3fݯ3D*LVhڒC*C|J *(?B `D>qa!6 JwiOv#!Gs^1txyor BO%pu;Z+W/u<M-FHe/mrgR@ɸ<ŘـiDZ(^h̘ )/IL/PkX;y0Zt?'X@qm /3f%egǝ /Ed>iӣ"]Ƿr}ۯkwVT+ӧM@~@a!=LR޻3cEb jdPWӈJΙ jsIylõW'ʤ.نj샵9Y8T Obs'nLUT!YSVfVbH =PR_u#0$0m5t{ xzb50 }IH % #B` 2@\:cqG>R'Q6̴<$  ?_ j ss30h#RDcռ;/@C_eʤ0T(dT1X{,c%*gkʺdj 21YH91RD( < Ԣ?ǘ4ƯmVMd;6u-gAiZi^Dm?㻛?@)RlM.ǀ lfbȬo yzFk㕮JY7t< jÁYQ #O"pSݵ^*(2O~Fx31RxWi*}74᭣(¶֫HVUX!Qʠ`0 ߏ"MgWjZx:klzHq}}9^vFRx/!<訆ngzkuKSu25 5#ZB(eeG BxZBw]=73_.Ȋ KC#o/\"ƪw6EV++墻7ŌMjP@U_o5^5Q8>Zm ᆋigTR7rZ|AP3Hgӕ)2VꏯA[%!7*Cm ÄcϦmapS6R^R|qCSk)_bmHKki~} Ca1|}G S@%!pUQk<@ZFr%ukn:tTOUWulw:Lsz tyf:\^>oaB>0  OXSaEr\K|N;'NJ@ŨZkP#cWVƳ]'ePhp\F5`*mY)],O2(SWWe7Yy/4 )+P Aios-43nyw. V~ӣ%K$+U^.y/e`2ﳎJ)&n2h׏=Kc2Ȑw4*/;dۑUGQ r΁10e }ʣ+tRXxWt'lzpnpy8Xjҗtk:hJ}6]`a8( N TN+U5 %]Jj͊.s_[c?֮י{x{husWZתU@_il 9X8P7U7YkTYUJ9zqz?nx>ۨ`0 sϦx:qUɏ|9خ䊮N=iXaIR$(Oo&ZKltynuI9e%#ցRO1Wo;œq]E_64Pn+*Il} [uY{,զRPm1PXkk4\ BL+P(%O/ݛp2زog? oyvA4Oh"ޗPsΛz#+?ӒZc'.^QQ1WhٵrLٲ.0\6ZOU_fWSxԏIJ E1&1KiS:}E! AH0,۲ZjXY*s;+K5S@ eMP>~W I ɍP_xz9yj7:Ov `` 2zȹf.D'ѱ/OC`o6N+khxYY)̃kce$yȗ !Oa+ZevQd%?9dL2U 7l>oDTr`Ν;GvKdHO}$fTZM2#Q`ﭩ7'x3Dj}pZ6?(n;SaUasHxxGjf+Bu;]nl_ ]3&i74HT(&B=mi;v,@YA!(ta_cx-`򾸈pj`,|'eUa n A)Bj21هn1{^4^䬇O\?޺;淧Z6*<1TD(ItdML%SG"8Y{s?O֞0zcJeQ$/ǧsMǦjL ޤ9`b@:[>RBPI$K#(!G w\~JiJ>寙~`?jQ몌Eps:U8RK L*v;>_>=?lY2gmdl OSWQDŽȳ-sq:G ҭMp+$зߢ0> Z2&+DJ P'4P# |KeC ʓ(aw@."qm[G3?>!>ɘZDpTpJnbPKfq:*J+[ArQdڅ-CVG.f"9#_̷;*U8#eKW [71_H٬_ P,4]րEi4 DDQc"J{b JhDT%vT?vH#s tHjMLG ߘR$ Lɲ;Bs~BD{P/-zO)NGv$/ ,V.||'i j"  dz=! f1@ϩ]ph#'@IL0HTh@?şشyF f|*3 yWi2e9CH=tLP:Ax`FHV0,FQlTO"Wbҗ 哫Je)0:'!>ᨒ$o1܏Q>?pde\8:P+{&B/~eۣZ!0;E(NA2ic: n;j/Y;UV=4;x<7(Aϳ \~?ac9|c^KB*(6))\p'@'8LTn +0ڂơed :Xʥ1ŶP,:tXTj`唶zⳔR@x KGsKLbl3wmR_jj!CAS![wfri*ٿ{`B$☈c6:}TmN >jm)܀'Ow>'Yb6$UIT}ȼbabʸE)e8'Mqi~ >U'ݍ7}ut)X^B0TT{op UI,$wJqҧI F2S:VgnO cyKLG_rORבB>޲՛c%˱6ړO o[O,H~tC4 ja 2jZO79 !0 =pB0eҜB^af0DhRP%'$"JG%/0!0 JS5pƊNw2wuvg:zZzlr]әgʱv縺. fYV==PQ+7a~gɁr̟m/4~/ y:'WlTIlBQ'J2q02=Lgg-mA)i.jpWr`0DR |>[@ eC R0̠!Zc禧X3ΣK0,dٻsm=j]fڙ7ۓߟ;ܙn?b>g6T:&9ڛyza.tR)IbBdhY&$*]Yu(fb8R>PPxBy:"̓ 49AJ"@`oHz(BM=o|j{ %U2 *`abW_^y}sL9ƞB(wѹ+X0y `s 8A`n 0rC,1<,JF>8 kSl~L^TVKJOd xDE({Fw=KeG Z@A \$":HiX~ l!DdR{g>ji+s^_ٶ)ff1̅ր_{ 3{iMPaN 7p|P3rŏjI, 3:e3 $5".LG??C1L3yz%(z&bЉS*N/.t6{x5vЕ}VL(wwmꔍAX.)Q66A"@B0xh@%DϱC&סAID(MUEDi^\ y.!('% n ijIPI ԡQ=ޞ٦psldRgֹZZyVڳBmu3 NuS-$X!.EP RZ@B1/W0CS^08@YD%'(seb A nqS u-&>BR$R8 9ƾnK𤋮ܕYv*z|HSWyek MQݝȋ1i ¼L0)OLA= F(IPQ)q+>,p~h3x:DUƃ3o37?H7.jrH`[ހ.w''ytHaGᵎsd;%t;|P,/1ߍO={#ڼЃTi (j܈d%@u6$4T.\q\<Κ#eQ0$֝A ktq=ܶڏ;5PCC἖\I ǻq91T\)<<(jvȢ)ӟXXe0 CWRQ }xЙ$xsr#ܩ#Os}YPÖú=gxrvwIb,qBS;0:\hbx1"Hz4O%hI$ pVA.'Z}˺WuҕbK'Sk!QCŎC2tп<[홋݇_j10_fx(8&-xQHORUkpwdBEeB14`DnR EPe㛔v(ĔU8*C#׺[N憛'Z:(lw'_k|=3' /i?8jAcs!G!wK'C[D'.s:xr,b0$α \OiC xeQq{5EhLB)xzF{u[o9ݛ[{swo  w`<8w ]/w}hSbmtg^<-ʆ:0u{JAnTaIPrgloaC~y*prd_ ?\k>zYΓ3-YJOF+tFz- ~M+ŖrhU0폨&E5 ~`J/v0kSQ )*FOßU"5a}s/η^j:ܒi)zW'rV1O+%/4-A` Ӏ,>;6 ]1n%>'ٗ]Džn7/ӎϖ`<@O/4a(F&)ړ stsJeQxSxU'i8uvVeT .b7b5۰r `Ɗְס?LZM{k FCNvoxw wsE9Wqy0. `RP<-tZK/IK^TR*ӿ0O[&mԡtDIkU1t&?NhjSg:j˝·O';}x@a`Xc/.OkL?Pv@qXggp)q>:%˪WR^~@_/PxX.KzYgEQoUuJh5MkmBk0_@/5:͎ yY˘0uzz++3ĺ GQ?ͼtY|&:'' zo V:ei%]vôס-5ou#FLTdGJq#E|þdˊS.Ԇִ1)e5J¬'s g՛Y k͍dZyxMN ~g_QZ&xmQ}4Sq$rrNq>Z;)ՑuOC6Lv~\h "ɷު-\xٓqj"VZMQ7i3'tLa]wI}$JJ4L2S~5M'ܓ̮4 @ѭ ~9O*!VejVrPW&O'[zD`$Z͞VVdx'^)a+Qk6L_}61#[{fm_yS9L?/e _2Hm^4%'5tdN|u\mʵ ?YtToNo聥W4ZYӚ؄0Q +ad1udӔ=(iIL8u^>ݓ&и׽puݺ}9~P-H mS4BS%uť!UU[ßk_\!&t;:VRNcbObFCIsvY;=üD<-zl_p{kyn+:8B('u8;*R;ǵ<-f폧O6euGldɦxY(/P}?ɾk ~AXow9$ nyKW쓴uƭq {"W(cR(1&<>8h? ڏSS%&yW`@\$69_N2%Sy쓟 Lp>Yؙ靳<\E|2 e>SXKd| ;@n]7y 7;7؏Ɔ #CA@t.{=;^Gt&)sg35I6q6J<+N۶I.i+PUܼĢa͟MȓzyJ! *P,ջ 3WJ" )RاRρ'!TE"|]y.u$Hۢ~Yd.r)JEӗagC$qwtl{#@g0 k ',!T pyI'@.?ZbzY`뿂z<ײ=fgn^dkUN'7&@_,ʻ0k2^BUj 'VfғT1G8ݗ%Jyk !PB zk&)QlJ`z|*略|| x)M8_ҖH\+|R« ߮+k{Rr;5%5Qީ˳^02˜A3-O4c %Y2^K }AokO'{r(46zqt00ˈ>ԛؑż"JLUZi*UHI(C$xU&'%YÇB,D.~n NI/F 8J<=^{pmmEm'gXc= &ʌ044>F ;{|b7]=tpLlof |^=%WK0M TPML?"1Um% # Wb *C=9[tx7ٽ9>i.vܥOb]q# rrd]Ľi$;:F7'I?}$2pѽ{01G}~wc y!7Dȳ+fyF#Sh؋¸a'|1O_x#x/ )xy:kn` LDcO1/"1%7FĈcyZa{q7Nďy:阧cy:֯IM*a( / 00DTimes New Roman(0(z[ 0 hDVerdanaw Roman(0(z[ 0 h" DWingdingsRoman(0(z[ 0 h0DArial Unicode MS0(z[ 0 h" A.  @n?" dd@  @@`` P)쬞    FH %      ,2$a^p/"MV  0e0e A@A5%8c8c     ?1d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'p@A)BCD|E? 3fff@8  @ ʚ;n8ʚ;g4LdLd@z[ 0ppp@ <4!d!dl 0x,E<4ddddl 0x,E 0___PPT10 R___PPT94,? % -Presentation to the FES-Conference in Lusaka*.-V        * By EASTERN AFRICA POWER POOL ( EAPP )+ $&((( )CONTENTIntroduction; Identifying the needs of the poor; Financing basic utilities for the poor: electricity; Minimizing costs; Cost recovery; Conclusionn$ I. Introduction$#II. Identifying needs for the poor$$$-III. Financing basic utilities for the poor..$("6III. Financing basic utilities for the poor (Cont.)77$IV. Minimizing costs$IV. Minimizing costs (Cont.)$V. Cost recovery$ VI. Conclusion$ #VI. Conclusion (Cont.)$ !VI. Conclusion (Cont.)$  THANK YOU  `@ ` >y5fw:q ̙` 3f3f` www` I$nIȰ̙>?" dd@,?nKd@ @F " d@ `h U n?" dd@   @@``PP   @ ` `p>>K0 # #EE,"(  ,,T  , "n , 0 "0n , 0 "`n , 0 "n , 0 " Pn , 0 "n , 0 "n  , 0 "@pn  , 0 "n  , 0 "0n  , 0 "`n  , 0 "n , 0 " Pn , 0 "n , 0 "n , 0 "@pn , 0 "n , 0 "0n , 0 "`n , 0 "n , 0 " Pn , 0 "n , 0 "n , 0 "@pn , 0 "n , 0 " 0 n , 0 "`  n , 0 "  n , 0 " P n , 0 "  n  , 0 "  n !, 0 "@ p n ", 0 "  n #, 0 " 0 n $, 0 "`  n %, 0 "  n &, 0 " P n ', 0 "  n (, 0 " n ), 0 "@pn *, 0 "n +, 0 "0n ,, 0 "`n -, 0 "n ., 0 " Pn /, 0 "n 0, 0 "n 1, 0 "@pn 2, 0 "n 3, 0 "0n 4, 0 "`n 5, 0 "n 6, 0 " Pn 7, 0 "n 8, 0 "n 9, 0 "@pn :, 0 "n ;, 0 "0n <, 0 "`n =, 0 "n >, 0 " P ?, N? ?" @, N??"9h A, <0E "y%;<$  0 E T Click to edit Master title style! !P B, 0E "?4<$  0 E RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S C, 6E "x E \* D, 6IJE "x  E ^* E, 6E "xF E ^*B , s *޽h ? 3f3f|___PPT10\+Y(D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+#.<*A,%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*A,D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*A,D;' =%(D' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+#.<*B,!%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*B,!D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*B,!D' =ABBB@B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+#.<*B,!.%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*B,!.D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*B,!.D' =ABBB@B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+#.<*B,.:%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*B,.:D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*B,.:D' =ABBB@B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+#.<*B,:G%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*B,:GD' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*B,:GD' =ABBB@B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+#.<*B,GS%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*B,GSD' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*B,GS+p+0+A,E ++0+B,E + Bold Stripes- K0 ""@GG0;"(  0*T  0 "b N 0# "Nh 0 s *".h 0 s *"^h 0 s *"h 0 s *"Nh 0 s *"~h  0 s *"h  0 s *">nh  0 s *"h  0 s *".h  0 s *"^h 0 s *"h 0 s *"Nh 0 s *"~h 0 s *"h 0 s *">nh 0 s *"h 0 s *".h 0 s *"^h 0 s *"h 0 s *"Nh 0 s *"~h 0 s *"h 0 s *">nh 0 s *"h 0 s *". h 0 s *"^  h 0 s *"  h 0 s *" N h  0 s *"~  h !0 s *"  h "0 s *"> n h #0 s *"  h $0 s *" . h %0 s *"^  h &0 s *"  h '0 s *" N h (0 s *"~  h )0 s *" h *0 s *">nh +0 s *"h ,0 s *".h -0 s *"^h .0 s *"h /0 s *"Nh 00 s *"~h 10 s *"h 20 s *">nh 30 s *"h 40 s *".h 50 s *"^h 60 s *"h 70 s *"Nh 80 s *"~h 90 s *"h :0 s *">nh ;0 s *"h <0 s *".h =0 s *"^h >0 s *"h ?0 s *"N @0 H??" A0 H??"A B0 T=??"` @  C0 <@ "9<$  0  T Click to edit Master title style! !  D0 0B "  <$  0  W#Click to edit Master subtitle style$ $ E0 6G "``  \* F0 6L "`   ^* G0 6P "`   ^*B 0 s *޽h ? 3f3f  ___PPT10 +ƜD ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+#.<*C0%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*C0D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*C0D_' =%(D' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+#.<*D0$%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*D0$D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*D0$+p+0+C0 ++0+D0 +tK0 z0(     0_C0*<$  0    S `D0p <$  0  X  0A?P   T\b ??` iLusaka - April 24th, 20074 2 '  T|h ??  !Financing basic utilities for all""(2"(<      H  0޽h ? ̙33z___PPT10Z.+vxD' = @B D}' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(%(D' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+#.<*.%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*.D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*.D_' =%(D' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+#.<*%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*D_' =%(D' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+#.<*!%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*!D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*!D_' =%(D' =%(D' =ABBB@B0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+#.<*"+%(D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_wB*Y3>B ppt_w<*"+D' =+4 8?RCBBCB#ppt_hB*Y3>B ppt_h<*"++p+0+ ++0+ + K0  ``(  `r ` S A,%;    ` S B,    "X ` 0A?<H ` 0޽h ? 3f3f___PPT10u..oIg+D=' = @B + K0  8(  8x 8 c $A,@@P    X 8 0A?<r 8 T ??` F Ensuring sustainable access for the poor through internal revenue generation:Electricity In order to achieve MDGs it is imperative for all stakeholders to ensure increased sustainable access to basic utilities for all; the positive impact of access to basic utilities on health, education and gender is no more questionable; The question is whether we should consider  basic utilities for the poor as commercial commodities or not; The answer to this question would guide to the assessment of best options for financing related infrastructure.X[(2 2X,CH 8 0޽h ? 3f3fy___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + K0 p (     0. P ^"   X  0A?<  N0. A,@  . z  T. ??P' Optimize the knowledge of the real needs through participatory approach; Participatory approach - sustainability of the infrastructure; - ownership strengthened; How to do it ?  sensitization through meetings; - In kind contribution of the beneficiaries (labor intensive works, maintenance after adequate training); ! Better identification of the needs: - ensure sustainability and ownership, eases the implementation and success of the projects for access to electricity. a 2D 22 28 2_  H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B + K0 ! (  X  0A?<   NH. A,@  . o   T. ?? A Financing options: 1. External financing: IFIs, Carbon Fund, GEF.. 2. Internal revenue generation: - pooling together the efforts : => Role of Municipalities and NGOs, => Organizing people in associations or cooperatives; - Government subsidies: direct, tax levies, cross-subsidies; l 2. 2&,H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +! K0 I(    T+. ??au  Financing options: 2. Internal revenue generation: - Private Sector: only possible if in partnership with public (PPP); - PPP alleviates the burden of public funds: => Government/Municipality provide subsidies => Private sector ensure implementation, maintenance and equity; ! The main role to be played by Government / Municipality =>initiative, planning as well as financing.  2 22D:0  N`9. A,pH  . X  0A?<H  0޽h ? 3f3fB K0 QI(  X  0A?<  Nd. A,@@  .   T?. ??D<4___PPT9 Best identification of the needs => supply what really needed (how much energy and for what use); Assessment of the optimal supply option => transmission line, solar system (PV), micro hydro, wind energy, biomass, etc.; Taxation: No taxes for materials dedicated to electricity access for the poor; Efficiency => possible use of local material (wood poles instead steel poles,etc.); => possible use of local labor (cheap and ensure sustainability); => technology and costs trade off: 2p 2!gMF  @`H  0޽h ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +\ K0 p(  pX p 0A?< p N4\. A,p  . B p TL. ??P  Efficiency => technology and costs trade off: $ latest technology may be expensive in investment but have low maintenance costs and best efficiency; $ old technology may be cheap in investment but have high maintenance costs and low efficiency; # adequate equipments has to be assessed (single phase transformers); # consumer side: use of energy saving lamps (CFLs). 2'ymT6,  @`H p 0޽h ? 3f3f K0 tr(  tX t 0A?< t NLO. A,@@  . 0 t T. ??  Ensuring sustainable access for the poor& . Is it possible to provide electricity to the poor and expect cost recovery financially speaking ? What do we expect to recover as costs from a person earning less than 1$ per day ? Cost recovery YES. But the economic cost and most of time in the long-term; ! Again: basic utilities for the poor should not be considered as commercial commodities.|- 2 2Z 2*XH t 0޽h ? 3f3fy___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +  K0  |1(  |X | 0A?< | N. A,@@  .   | T  ??D<4___PPT9 For the poor basic utilities should not be considered as commercial commodities, particularly water and electricity; Generating internal revenue: => pooling efforts together through cooperatives or associations; => government or municipality should be the leading entities: initiative, planning and financing; => Subsidies are a necessity:direct or cross-subsidies have to be considered; =>PPP accompanied with subsidies could be an option. * 22 2 @`H | 0޽h ? 3f3f| K0   (  X  0A?<  N A,@@   b  T ?? 3. Basic utilities for the poor should be primarily a duty of Government and municipality; 4. Minimizing costs: => Best identification of the needs; => Assessment of the best supply option of electricity; => efficiency in implementing projects and at the consumer side to be considered; => No taxation! Subsidies are a necessity. 5. Cost recovery: - Economic cost recovery in the long- term:YES;  2H  0޽h ? 3f3f K0 5- (  X  0A?<  N  A,@@   o  Th ?? S5. Cost recovery: - Financial cost recovery is very difficult; 6. Best cycle: Government/Municipality finance access to electricity income generating activities => economic growth => increase in purchasing power Private sector intervention in health, education, etc. Note: The private sector will only come when the poor is more poor !|O 2(2F 2[@2  Z?? 2  Z?? H  0޽h ? 3f3f[ K0 jb\(  \x \ c $.A,0    X \ 0A?< \ T. ??`w ^EAPP"(2X H \ 0޽h ? 3f3fy___PPT10Y+D=' = @B +rh0Jآë iQ Ɨ P $#(ݰ? ,)Oh+'0PU hp0 HT t  ?The Inga Hydropower Site Development: International RoundtablePreferred Customer RC:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates\Presentation Designs\Bold Stripes.potrisingoma Davids156Microsoft PowerPointoso@؜@@apGSg  )'    """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3ff333f333333333f33333333f33f3ff3f3f3f3333f33̙33333f333333f3333f3ffffff3f33ff3f3f3f3fff3ffffffffff3ffff̙fff3fffff3fff333f3f3ff3ff33f̙̙3̙ff̙̙̙3f̙3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3f3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3ffffffffff!___www4'A x(xKʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___wwwü޽ýý޼ýüý޽޽ýý޼ýýýýݼݽ½޼޽޼ݽý½޼޽ݽüý޽½ý½ý޽ýݽýݽý޼޽ݽý޼üüݽ¼ý޼ý޽ݼü޼ýݽ޽ý޽޽޽ݽ޽ý޽޼½޼ݽݽ޼ýý⽽޼޽½޼ݽݽ޽ýýýüýݽ޽ýüýݽ޽üü⽽ݽý޽üü⽽ݽý޽ü޽޽ݽݽýü¼޼ý޽޽ݽݽýü޼޽޽⽽ý޽ݽ½ý޽޼޽ý⽽ü޽ݽ½޼޽޼ü¼ü½¼޽޼üü޽½޽½⽽ݽý޽ee޽޽ee½⽽ݽ½ý޽⽼½½޽޽޽ee⽽޽ee½½޽ý޼޽üü޼޽޽޽üeeee޽޽üݽݽݽ޼eeeeݽ޼޼޽üý޽ýüeeýee޽ýüݽ޽ü޽ýeeeeݽ޽ü޽޼üݽý½ý½޽ee޽޽ݽeeý½ý½޽޽ü¼½ý½½eeee½ý½ýýݼ޽޽ݽ޼ü޼ýeeee޽޽޼ü޽½ýü޽޽ýü޽޽ýüü½޽üý޼ý޽üü½޽ü޼üý޽޼ݽý޼ý޽޽ý⽼޽ݽ޼ýݽ޼ݽ޼޼޽ýý޽ýü½ýݽ޽ýý޽޼޽޽ý޽ݽ޽ݽýݽ޽޽üü޼ý޽½޽⽽ýý޽½ݽ½ݽ޽޽޽ýýݽ⽽޽޽ý¼⼼޼ü޽üüý½ýü޽üüü½ý޽½ýý޽½½½ýýýü⽼½޽޽ý޽ý޽ݽýüü޽üüݽ޽޼ý޽½޽޼½޼½¼ý޼ݽ޼ݽý޽޽ýüü޼ý½ý¼޼޼ý⽽⽽ý޼ý½ý½ü½ýý½޽üݽýýý½ýý½޽üݽ⽼ýݽ޽޼½ý޽¼ýݽ޽޼⽽½ݼ޽޽üý޽޽ݽ޽޽޽¼ý޽ݽݼ½޽½ý޽ü޽ý޽ý޽ü޽޼޽޽ü½޽޽޽޽޽޽üü⽼½ݽü޽ýݽݽ½ݽüý޽ݽ޼ü޽޽ݽ޼ý޼ü½޽޽޽ü޽޽޽üý¼½⽽ý½½üüݽý޽޽ý޽ýݽ޽ýee޽޽޽ý޼ý޽ݽeeeýeüü޼½޽½ݼܼݼݼݽý½ýeeee޽޽޽ý޼ݽ޽ýeeeeeݽ޼¼޼ܼܼܼܼݽ½޽eeee⽼޼ݽ½ݽ½½ý½½½½ܼܼܼܼܼ½ý޽޽ý޽½ý½ݽݼ޼ü޽üý½ݽ½ý޼ý޽üܼܼܼܼܼܼ½ý½ý½޼޼ݼݼݼݼܼü޽ݽ޽޽ü޼޼ý޽ýܼܼܼܼܼܼ½½ý޼½޼޼޼ܼܼܼܼܼܼܽ޽޼޽޽ýý޽޽޽޼޽޼ܼܼܼܼܼܼܼܼܼܼܶ½޽ýýüü½üýݽ޻ܼܻܼܻܼܻܼܻܼܻ֡ý⽽޼޽޽ýݽýüݽ½ܼܼܼݻܽݼܼܼý¼޽޽ý޽üý¼޽¼½ýܼܻܻܻܼܼݵԼܻܻܼݽý޽½޼ܼܼܼܼܼܼܼĴܼܼܼݼ½ýeeeeeeee޼ü¼ý½޻ܼܻܼܻܼܻմoܼܻýeeeeeeee½½ܼܼܼܼܶܶܶ޽eeeeeeeeý޼ü޽ý޼»ܻܻܻܻܻܻh2S&S&S&2,,ۼܻݽüüýý޼eeeeeeýüݽݽ޼ܼܵݼ8,28822F882?ۼܼý޽ݽeeeeeeee޽޽޽޽ýýüýܻ82,88,822޼޼¼üýýeeee޼޼¼üݼܵaaܶýüݽ޽޽޽eeeeýüý޼޼ýü½¼ûAۧǡý½üýýý@@Gܼϴ½ޘ޽ݽ޽ݼ޻Fܻܻܻ⑵eeee޽ýbε۵ܵ޽ýee޼ý޽޽ýü޼޼޽?ܻܻܻܵeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee޼eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeý޼úܵܵܵeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee½eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeݽeeeeeeeeee½¼޽@ǧܻܻܵܵeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee½eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee½eeeeeeeeúǼ۵۵۵eeeeeeeeeeee޽eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeݽýý޽ܻܻܻܵܵܵ޽eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee޽޼ݼ޺ǵee޼½ýeeýýeeeeeeeeýûܵ۵ܵܵ۵ܵܵeeeeeeee⽼޼½eeýeeee޽eeeeeeeeee޼½۵۵۵۵۵۵ýý޽ü⽼޼ýýݽݽܵܵ۵ݵܵܵ۵ܵܵܵܵܵܵܵܽ޽üݽݽý޽ݼ½ݺýýý½½üýýüýý޼ܵ۵ܵ۵ܵ۵۵۵ܵ۵ܵ۵ܵ۵ܵ۵ܵ۵޽޼޽ݽü޽޽޼¼޽޼ü½ݼ⽼޽ܽü޽ýݼݽüýܽݽ޼ü޼½ýݽ޽üܽ޼޽޽ܼ޽½ܼüü޼ܼܽüܼüݽܘܒRoot EntrydO)r*PicturesCurrent UserJSummaryInformation(U     ,+ &_Yuliya.VnukovaYuliya.VnukovaRoot EntrydO)%p*PicturesCurrent UserJSummaryInformation(U     ,+ &_United NationsUnited Nations&_isingoma Davidisingoma David  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxz{|}~      !&Root EntrydO)PicturesCurrent UserSummaryInformation(UPowerPoint Document(yDocumentSummaryInformation8Root EntrydO)A*PicturesCurrent UserSummaryInformation(U      !,+ ՜.+,D՜.+,\    On-screen ShowNDellree_ A Times New RomanVerdana WingdingsArial Unicode MS Bold Stripes.Presentation to the FES-Conference in LusakaCONTENTI. Introduction$II. Identifying needs for the poor.III. Financing basic utilities for the poor7III. Financing basic utilities for the poor (Cont.)IV. Minimizing costsIV. Minimizing costs (Cont.)V. Cost recoveryVI. ConclusionVI. Conclusion (Cont.)VI. Conclusion (Cont.) THANK YOU  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles 4 $, PowerPoint Document(yDocumentSummaryInformation8