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LOW NATIONAL ACCESS RATES CAUSES POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS MINIMISING COST OF ELECTRICITY RECOVERING COST OF OPERATIONS NEED FOR SUBSIDIES BEYOND COST RECOVERY CONCLUSIONP WHO ARE THE POOR?YBY PER CAPITA INCOME BY RESIDENCE URBAN/RURAL HIGH COST/LOW COST RESIDENCE BY OTHER MEANS6")")NATIONAL ACCESS RATESDEFINITION OF ACCESS:- -INDIVIDUAL CONNECTION -ACCESS TO FACILITIES E.G. SCHOOLS, CLINICS, CMMUNITY CENTRES WITH ELECTRICITY ELECTRIFICATION STANDARDS-INIHIBITION TO ACCESS CANT ELECTRIFY THATCHED HOUSES MUD HOUSES ETC lh0.f0.ZAMBIA ACCESS RATES'NATIONAL AVERAGE 23% URBAN 44% RURAL 2%&ACCES: WHY NOT 100%SIZE OF ZAMBIA 752,000 SQ. KM POPULATION DENSITY HIGHER COSTS PER CONNECTION $1000 HIGHER COST FOR O&M LOW PER CAPITA INCOMES $300 UP TO 2005 ROSE TO $800 BY END 2006 POOR PAYING CULTURE`26*26*POSSIBLE SOLTUIONSFACCELERATE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INCREASE PER CAPITA INCOMES DEVELOP PRO-POOR POLICIES ELECTRICITY KEY TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT MOST BUSINESSES REQUIRE ELECTRICITY MINING AGRICULTURE COMMERCIAL INDUSTRIAL TOURISM SERVICES (EDUCATION, HOSPITAL, ETC) ELECTRICITY SUPPORTS ALL THESE BUSINESSES AND SERVICES THUS SUPPORTING THE POOR P6P(PyP7PP 6(y7   MINIMISING COST OF ELECTRICITY(NEEDS OF THE POOR FOOD, CLOTHING, EDUCATION, WORK, HEALTH, ETC LIGHTING, COOKING, STUDY _ INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES (SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES) ALL SUPPORTED BY ELECTRICITY2FU RECOVERING COSTS (CCONNECTION COSTS OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE COSTS GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, SUPPLY COSTS SYSTEM MAINTENANCE & STRENGTHENING COSTS NEED TO RECOVER ALL COSTS QUALITY OF SERVICE DEPENDS ON COST RECOVERY COST RECOVERY PLUS MARGIN NECESSARY FOR NEW INVESTMENT OTHERWISE NO SYSTEM EXPANSION, NO INCREASED ACCESS B2P^PP2^  RECOVERING COSTS;NEED FOR APPROPRIATE TARIFFS DIESEL PLANT COST 27Cents/kWh TARIFF IS 3.1Cents/kWh CURRENT ZESCO TARIFFS BELOW COST RECOVERY LOWEST IN THE REGION LOW TARIFFS DISCOURAGE INVESTMENTS RECOGNISED IN GRZ/ERB COST OF SERVICE STUDY SOME PRIVATE SECTOR IPPs WANT TO SELL TO ZESCO AT TARIFFS HIGHER THAN ZESCO SELLING PRICEP6P*PP#PP6*#  B  RECOVERING COSTSLOOMING NATIONAL & REGIONAL DEFICIT HUGE INVESTMENTS IN GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION REQUIRED REQUIRES SUPPORTING TARIFFS COST OF IMPORTS MUST BE RECOVERED  REGULATOR S SUPPORT NECESSARY LOANS FOR PRP & OTHER PRIOR SYSTEM WORKS NOW BECOMING DUE LOAN REPAYMENT DIFFICULT WITHOUT COST RECOVERY POOR PEOPLE WILL HAVE EVEN LESS ACCESSt]ZZ{ZVZ]#:V NEED FOR SUBSIDIESDEVELOPED COUNTRIES HAVE SUBSIDIES TO ELECTRICITY BY WAY OF: GRANTS OR TAX WAIVERS CONSUMPTION SUPPORT THRU WELFARE PAYMENTS (FOOD, HOUSING, TRANSPORT, ELECTRICTY, ETC) ZAMBIA DOES NOT HAVE WELFARE PAYOUTS ONLY LIFELINE TARIFFS ROLE OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION AUTHORITY POSSIBILITY OF CROSS-SUBSIDIES ONE CUSTOMER CATEGORY PAYS MORE THAN ITS COST OF SUPPLY TO SUPPORT ANOTHER CATEGORY WHICH IS DISADVANTAGED =ZlZ%Z>ZZkZZ=l%>l NEED FOR SUBSIDIESROLE OF MINES & INDUSTRIAL CUSTOMERS CURRENT TARIFFS AVERAGE 2.1 CENTS REAL COST TARIFF 4.2 CENTS IF THEY GET COST REFLECTIVE TARIFFS BENEFIT CAN GO TO POOR CUSTOMERS POSSIBILITY OF MULTI-YEAR PROGRESSION TARIFFS HELPS CUSHION THE IMPACT ON POOR CUSTOMERST%/+%/+ NEED FOR SUBSIDIES2USE OF ELECTRICTY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES USE GAS FOR COOKING RECOMMEND THAT ALL NEW HOUSES TO HAVE SOLAR PANELS FOR HEATING DEVELOPED COUNTRIES HAVE LIFELINE UNITS OF UP TO 50 ZAMBIA S LIFELINE TARIFFS CURRENTLY 300 UNITS SHOULD ADOPT LOWER UNITS AND RECOVER FULL COST FROM NON-POOR ,ZZBEYOND COST RECOVERYALLOCATING STATE REVENUES TO UTILITIES CURRENTLY THRU ELECTRIFICATION LEVY AMOUNTS RAISED NOT ENOUGH NEED FOR BUDGET SUPPORT JUST LIKE AGRICULTURE (CATLE RESTOKING, FARMERS PACK, ETC TOURISM DEVELOPENT FUND WITHOUT SUPPORT, ALL GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT IN OTHER SECTORS MAY BE AFFECTED INTENSIFY PPP REQUIRES COST-REFLECTIVE TARIFFS OTHERWISE NO OFFTAKERS'Z>ZZZZ8Z'>8  BEYOND COST RECOVERYhWHAT HAS KEPT PRIVATE SECTOR AWAY FROM ELECTRICITY? DEAL WITH STRUCTURAL ISSUES DEAL WITH POLICY ISSUES  CONCLUSIONNEED TO ACCELERATE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (60% OF POP.) ALSO NEED TO INCREASE ACCESS IN PERI-URBAN AREAS FUNDING FROM INTERNAL RESOURCES MEANS FULL COST RECOVERY GRZ SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIES THRU REA REQUIRED HUGE INVESTMENTS IN NEW GENERATION SOURCES AND RETICULATION NEEDEDZ THANK YOU( , /T   0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> f(    6p?  `} ? T Click to edit Master title style! !  0P?  ` ? RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0|? ^ ` ? >*  0Ȭ? ^  ? @*  0L? ^ ` ? @*H  0޽h ? ZXdbmo80___PPT10. @U_ Default Design 0 zr` (  ` ` 0p  P     P*   ` 0l       R*  d ` c $ ?    ` 0   0   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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O0 l N gֳgֳ?` b CHAMA"0 hh88^2 l 61?@d l <1?`  l H gֳgֳ? j nKUNDABWIKA (101MW)"0 hh88 l H gֳgֳ?` 0 qKABWELUME (62MW)"0 hh88 l N gֳgֳ?  e KAWAMBWA TEA0 hh88 l Tt$ gֳgֳ? Z `MBERESHI 0  hh88 l N% gֳgֳ? uLUSIWASI EXTENSION (40MW)"0 hh88^ m 61? P x ^2 m 61?P ^ m 61?  d m <1?  ^ m 61?  ^ m 61?   m H2 1? 0 X   F0   ` m Td6 gֳgֳ? W  $KARIBA NORTH EXTENSION (600MW(750MW)~%0 hh88d m <1?@hd  m <1?`^  m 61?`  m T$K gֳgֳ?_  qBATOKA GORGE (800MW) "0 hh88  m TO gֳgֳ?@  qDEVILS GORGE (800MW) "0 hh88vB  m NDjJ? `` vB m NDjJ? p b m@ ZZG{-H@ΑIJ1?@ A j m B1? @ j m B1?h X j m B1?h X  m NZ gֳgֳ?P`  d BWANA MKUBWA 0  hh88j m B1? 7 h j m B1? _ W j m B1? M ^ j m B1?@ @ j m B1?( 7 j m B1?- N j m B1?(/ _ j m B1?3 j m B1? -j m B1?Y e p j m B1?  e Y j m B1?:  j  m B1? ?j !m B1?@ j "m B1?( G j #m B1?  0j $m B1? j %m B1?q / -j &m B1? qj 'm B1?x }j (m B1? j )m B1?~ p *m H1?xn v +m N1?j ,m B1?1 a j -m B1? 1 j .m B1? j /m B1?D a j 0m B1? D v 1m N1?dp 2m H1?Pp 3m H1?p 4m H1?j 5m B1?A j 6m B1? 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O j m B1?y j m B1? x d2 m <1? /@ p m H1?(  (  m NP gֳgֳ? @`J  Luangwa Bridge0 hh88j m B1?X` j m Bf1?@x j m@ B1?j m@ Bf1?j m B1?g h7g j m B1?yj m B1?h vj m B1?v j m B1?v m Nf1? h1 ^2 m 61? @oP j m B1? XX j m B1?@`i ^2 m 61??  m N<Ȋ gֳgֳ?@  yMkushi 0 hh88 m N$ۊ gֳgֳ? `j  Mkushi Farm Block0  hh88^2 m 61?  m N` gֳgֳ?  Mkushi Central0  hh88p m H1?9j m B1?y(j m B1?.OWj m B1?YO.j m B1?97j m B1?j m@ B1?_j m B1?8j m B1?Xp m H1?Lh)j m B1? 0j m B1?&  j m B1?  &j m B1? &j m B1?S  m N gֳgֳ? F  Kawambwa Town 0  hh88 m ND gֳgֳ?{ @  Chambasitu 0  hh88^2 m 61? @j m@ B1? j m@ B1?9  m N gֳgֳ?   [ 0 hh88 m N gֳgֳ?  \ 0 hh88 m N gֳgֳ? `  \ 0 hh88 m N(& gֳgֳ? p  [ 0 hh88d2 m <1? @o  m TX( 1?   G SHANGOMBO" 0  j m B1?8 t  7 p m@ Hf1? z G p m H1?` j m B1?H v m N1?0 7p m H1?&: 7j m B1? d2 m <1?P m N\. gֳgֳ? 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