缅北禁地

On a breezy Monday night last November, 缅北禁地Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon arrived on a visit to Mali, the first leg of a four-nation tour of the Sahel region. Much had changed in the country鈥檚 fortunes. Not long ago, many considered Mali a beacon of stability and a model of democratization. Under its blue sky, it exuded a sense of serenity.

Now, even to the casual observer, the mood has turned sombre. And it is not only because of the lingering clouds of smoke oozing from burning mountains of trash near Bamako, the capital. In reality, a series of dramatic events in the recent past are mostly to blame. A military coup toppled an elected government in April 2012. Armed groups took over the country鈥檚 north. A coalition of terrorists boldly attempted a total take-over of the country. At the last minute, French and Chadian soldiers forcefully stopped the terrorists鈥� advance. Peacekeepers were soon deployed. A presidential election took place this past July. It was the first step in getting a derailed democracy back on track.听

However, less than 48 hours before the 缅北禁地chief landed in Mali, assailants killed two French journalists in the northern town of Kidal. Ghislaine Dupont and Claude Verlon, reporters with Radio France International, had been kidnapped and shot dead in the space of a few hours. Mr. Ban, French officials and the 缅北禁地Security Council strongly condemned the killings. The secretary-general said that they were a reminder of the challenges facing Mali and the need for action to support its people. Across Mali, the commotion over the journalists鈥� deaths was palpable.

As Mr. Ban set foot in the region, he quickly moved to set the stage too. First, he stressed that he was visiting the region for the very first time, along with top officials of partner institutions. 鈥淎 dream team,鈥� one diplomat suggested. Among the visitors were Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, chairperson of the African Union Commission Jim Yong Kim, president of the World Bank Donald Kaberuka, president of the African Development Bank and European Union Development Commissioner Andris Piebalgs. Ibrahim Mayaki, chief executive officer of the New Partnership for Africa鈥檚 Development, later joined the group.听

Shortly after his plane had landed, in front of a packed crowd that had come to greet him at the airport, Mr. Ban insisted, 鈥淲e have come here to demonstrate our solidarity with the people of Mali and Sahel.鈥� Those words were echoed several times over the next three days of his visit<span class="s1">.听</span>

A 缅北禁地strategy for the Sahel

The events of the past two years in Mali have been central to the design of a unique initiative, now formally known as the 缅北禁地Integrated Strategy for the Sahel. This is a broad and far-reaching response to the region鈥檚 challenges (see page 22). Its purpose is to mobilize both the countries of the region and their international partners to find common and coordinated solutions. It focuses on three main areas: governance, security and resilience. The plan reflects the belief that peace and development are interconnected. 鈥淥ne is not sustainable without the other,鈥� Mr. Ban has said on many occasions.

It was therefore apropos that the secretary-general started his Sahel tour at a gathering of the region鈥檚 ministers in Bamako. Ibrahim Boubacar Keita, the recently elected president of Mali, had convened the meeting to serve as an initial platform for the implementation of the strategy.听

鈥淣ow is the time for action,鈥� Mr. Ban urged the audience, adding that action can and must be regional in scope 鈥渟ince the challenges facing the region respect no boundaries.鈥� The Sahel is Africa鈥檚 most vulnerable region, where some 11 million people are at risk of hunger while facing threats from terrorists and criminal networks. Referring to the delegation travelling with him, Mr. Ban remarked, 鈥淲e have partnered together in this extraordinary way because we recognize that the Sahel region needs an extraordinary effort.鈥� Mr. Kim, head of the World Bank, said Mr. Ban had brought 鈥渕ultilateralism to a level never reached before.鈥�

Among the ministers from Sahel countries and the heads of international institutions, there was consensus at the meeting that the 缅北禁地strategy was timely and critical. After the Security Council鈥檚 endorsement of the Sahel plan in July, the region and its development partners adopted it.听

The day before the meeting, in an unusual show of partnership, through a press release issued in Bamako on behalf of all the major visiting international partners, the European Union and the World Bank pledged over $8.2 billion to the region: the Bank pledged $1.5 billion in new regional investments over the next two years, while the EU announced it would provide 鈧�5 billion (US$6.75 billion) to six Sahel countries over the next seven years. The money is to be used for a number of development projects, including agriculture and green energy.听

From a formal gathering with officials, the secretary-general headed north for a visit to the fabled city of Timbuktu, which has suffered the wrath of terrorist occupation and lost some of its historical treasures while its people endured, as Mr. Ban put it, 鈥渉orrendous human rights violations.鈥� Mr. Ban said that when Timbuktu鈥檚 heritage was attacked, it was not a loss only for the Malians, but also for common world heritage.

Support for Sahel鈥檚 women and girls

Having set the tone for his visit in Mali, the secretary-general proceeded to deliver the same message, emphasizing specific aspects, during subsequent stops. First, the next day, in the hot and dry weather of Niamey, Niger鈥檚 capital, the secretary-general applauded President Mahamadou Issoufou for his support in improving the status of women and girls through concrete action.听

鈥淲hen we give women the education they deserve, society becomes stronger. When we protect women鈥檚 human rights, society becomes more just. And when we allow women to determine their own future, they will advance development for all,鈥� Mr. Ban declared at a ceremony titled the Call to Action on Demographic Issues. Much like the other officials, Ms. Dlamini-Zuma of the African Union Commission joined in encouraging countries of the Sahel to do more for their women and girls. 鈥淭hey are not only half of the society, they also gave birth to the other half,鈥� she quipped鈥攖o general applause鈥攆rom a stage that resembled a set for American politicians鈥� debates during electoral campaigns.

Calling for common action in Niger, a country facing unique threats as a result of regional instability originating in Mali, Libya and Nigeria, and suffering the brunt of the region鈥檚 recurring food crisis, was preaching to the converted. The 缅北禁地chief told an extraordinary session of Niger鈥檚 parliament later in the day that the region needed to confront armed conflict, political instability and economic development, not as isolated and unrelated problems but in a comprehensive way. 鈥淥ur United Nations Integrated Strategy for the Sahel is based on identifying crucial connections鈥攁nd supporting your efforts to drive hard at them with well-coordinated solutions,鈥� the secretary-general further explained.听

Mediators and peacekeepers

As in Mali, the secretary-general and his delegation were warmly received in Burkina Faso and Chad, the last two stops on the agenda. With visible pride, Djibril Bassole, Burkina Faso鈥檚 foreign minister, quickly pointed to the fact that 鈥渘ever before have we seen such an important delegation come to visit us.鈥�

The 缅北禁地chief expressed his gratitude for Burkina Faso鈥檚 role in addressing some of the region鈥檚 most pressing challenges. By serving as mediator in a number of crises in West Africa, including in Mali, Burkina Faso has earned itself an enviable reputation as a peace broker, he said. 鈥淵ou play an active role in the Sahel,鈥� Mr. Ban told government officials in the capital Ouagadougou, following a meeting with President Blaise Compaor茅.

The secretary-general also pledged the continuing support of the 缅北禁地and the international community as the country works to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015, contribute to defining the Sustainable Development Goals and address the impact of climate change.

A few hours later, in N鈥檇jamena, Chad, Mr. Ban applauded the country鈥檚 positive role in the Sahel region, particularly in confronting terrorists in northern Mali. He acknowledged Chad鈥檚 contribution to the 缅北禁地peacekeeping operation deployed there and the sacrifice made by the 39 Chadian peacekeepers who have died in the region. 鈥淲e came to the region to continue and amplify our joint action,鈥� the 缅北禁地chief added at his last press conference on the trip.

On yet another breezy night in the Sahel, after some 72 hours of meetings, discussions and visits, and even as his 鈥渆xceptional delegation鈥� had started making its way back from the region, the secretary-general remarked, 鈥淥ur journey of solidarity with the people of the Sahel can and must continue.鈥� As he had told his audiences all along the way, he again added, 鈥淣ow is the time to act.鈥�