?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????.? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? - ?????????? ??????????? ???????? - ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????.
?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ?? 90 ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? 250,000 ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? - ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????1.
??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????2? ??????? ?????? ??? 26 ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????3.
??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? 210 ?????? ????4? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????.
? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????: ???? 38 ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? 100 ??????? ?? ??????? ? 44 ?????? ?? ???? 150 ???????? ? 50 ?????? ?? ???? 200 ???????? ? 67 ?????? ?? ???? 400 ???????.5 ????? ??? 61 ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? 100 ??????? ?? ???? ???????.6 ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? 2.6 ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????.
??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????. ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????. ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ???????.
?? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??: ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????. ???????? 196 ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????.
????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? 2011-2020? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? 2010? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????.
??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? 2030 ?????? ??????? ????????? (SDGs)? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????. ????? ????? ??? 14 ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? 14 ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? 2030 ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????.
?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????. ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????.
??? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????.
????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? (?) ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?(?) ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?(?) ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?(?) ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?(??) ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????.
?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????.8
?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????/ ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????.
??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????.
??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????.?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????.9
??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????/ ?????? 2016. ? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????
???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????. ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????.
????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? 5 ??? 9 ??????/ ????? 2017? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???.
?
????????
1? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????:
?2 ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? (??????? ??????? ????? ????????) (????? ???????? 2016). ????? ??? ?????? ??????: .
3? ????? ?? ???/Corinne Le Quere ??????? "??????? ??????? ???????? ???? 2015"? ?????? Earth System Science Data? ??????. 7? ????? 2 (????? ???/ ?????? 2015)? 396-349 (371).
4? ???? ????????/Mark Spalding? ????? ?. ???????/Robert D. Brumbaugh ?????? ??????/Emily Landis? ???? ???? ???????? (?????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? 2016)? ? 14.
5? ???????? ????/Christopher Small ????? ??? ?????/Joel E. Cohen? "????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????"? ???? Current Anthropology? ?????? 45? ????? 2 (?????/ ????? 2004)? 277-269 (272).
6 ????? ?. ?. ?. ?????/Paulo A.L.D. Nunes? ??????? ????????/Andrea Ghermandi? ????????? ????? ??????????? ???????: ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? Environmental and Resource Economics? ??????. 56? ????? 4 (????? ?????/ ?????? 2013)? 465-459 (460).
7??? ?????? ????.
8? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????: .
9? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????: .
