??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? 3.5 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? (?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????). ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? (????? ??????? - ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? 2009? ?. 7). ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? (Droege 2008K p.1).
???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 1960? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? 2050. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? 99 ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? 50 ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. (Chu and MajumdarK 2012: Curry and pillay, 2012). ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? 78 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 2007. ?????? ??? 2050 ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? 89 ?? ??????. ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? 40 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? 62 ?? ?????? ????? ??? 2050 (??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? 2009? ?. 7). ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? 2050 ????? ???? 6 ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.
??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????: ?? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? 2030 ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? 60 ??? 85 ?? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? 450 ????? ?? ???????. ???? ?? ????/???? 2015 ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? (????) ?? ?? ????? 400 ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? (???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? 2009? ?. 7). ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????.
????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ”?????? ??????“. ??????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? 100 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? 2025. ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? 100 ?? ?????? ????? ??? 2015? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? 100 ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? 2025.
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????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? (Curry and Pillay, 2012). ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? (?????? ????). ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? 20 ??? 30 ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? (2012).
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??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? (?????? ????).
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Chu, Steven, and Arun Majumdar (2012). Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future. Nature, 488, (August), pp. 294-303. Available from .
Curry, Nathan, and Pragasen Pillay (2012). Biogas prediction and design of a food waste to energy system for the urban environment. Renewable Energy, vol. 41 (May), pp. 200-209.
Droege, Peter, ed. (2008). Urban Energy Transition: From Fossil Fuels to Renewable Power. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd.
Lund, Peter (2012). Large-scale urban renewable electricity schemes—Integration and interfacing aspects. Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 63 (November), pp. 162–172.
Purohit, Ishan, Pallav Purohit, and Sashaank Shekhar (2013). Evaluating the potential of concentrating solar power generation in North-western India. Energy Policy, vol. 62, pp. 157-175.
????? ??????? – ??????. ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????. ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? (2009) ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????: ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????: ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? .
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