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???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? 1972. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????.

??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? 1992? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????.

???? "??? ?????" ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? 1989? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????.

??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? 21 ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ????? 21 ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????.

???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? 27 ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????. ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????.

?? ????? ??? ???????? ? ?????? 172 ????? (108 ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????) ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????: ???? ????? ????? 21? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????: ? .????? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? 1994 ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? 1996? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????. ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????.

?? ??? 1997? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????"??? ????? +5"??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? 21 ??????? .

??? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? 2000? ???? ??? ??????? .

??? ??? 2002? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????.

?? ??????? 2005, 2008, and 2010 ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????.

??? ??? ?? ??? 2012? ?? ???? ? ??????? ???? ???? ???+20 ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

?? ??? 2013? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? 2015 ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????.

??? ?????? ?? ??? 2015? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? 2030 ? .

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????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? 1972 ???? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? (SDGs) ?????? ?? ???????. ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? 6 (???? ????? ???? ???)? ????? 7 (???? ????? ??????? ??????)? ????? 11 (??? ???????? ???????)? ????? 12 (??????? ?????? ???????)? ????? 13 (????? ???????)? ????? 14 (?????? ??? ?????)? ?????? 15 (?????? ??? ?????).

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???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????.

???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 2019? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.

?? ?? ?????? 12 ?????? 2015? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? 1.5 ???? ?????.

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???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? 1972. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????.

??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? 1992? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????.

???? "??? ?????" ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? 1989? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????.

??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? 21 ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ????? 21 ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????.

???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? 27 ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????. ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????.

?? ????? ??? ???????? ? ?????? 172 ????? (108 ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????) ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????: ???? ????? ????? 21? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????: ? .????? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? 1994 ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? 1996? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????. ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????.

?? ??? 1997? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? "??? ????? +?" ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? .

??? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? 2000? ???? ??? ??????? .

??? ??? 2002? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????.

?? ??????? 2005, 2008, and 2010 ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????.

??? ??? ?? ??? 2012? ?? ???? ? ??????? ???? ???? ???+20 ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

?? ??? 2013? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? 2015 ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????.

??? ?????? ?? ??? 2015? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? 2030 ? .

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????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? 1972 ???? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? (SDGs) ?????? ?? ???????. ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? 6 (???? ????? ???? ???)? ????? 7 (???? ????? ??????? ??????)? ????? 11 (??? ???????? ???????)? ????? 12 (??????? ?????? ???????)? ????? 13 (????? ???????)? ????? 14 (?????? ??? ?????)? ?????? 15 (?????? ??? ?????).

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???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????.

???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 2019? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.

?? ?? ?????? 12 ?????? 2015? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? 1.5 ???? ?????.

Eucalyptus plant taking root on the sand dunes near Lompoul, Senegal.

??????? ?????????: 2020 ??? ????

??? ??? 2020 ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? 2030. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? - ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????-19 ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? 200 ???? ?? ???? ?? 40 ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????.

??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ???? ????? ??? 2020 ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????.

????? ??? ???? ????? ?????-19 ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????.

???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? - ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????? - ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????-19 ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????.

?? ??? ??????? ????????:

  • ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? 71 ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2020? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? 1998. ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????.
  • ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? 1.6 ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? - ??? ????? ??????? ???????? - ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? 60 ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????.
  • ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????-19? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
  • ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 2020. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????.
  • ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? 90 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? (1.57 ?????) ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? 370 ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???. ??? ???? ????? 70 ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 2020.
  • ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? 20 ?????. ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ??? 2019 ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? 2010 ??? 2019. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????.

???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ??? 2019 ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? 2010 ??? 2019. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????.