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???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? 1972. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????.
??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? 1992? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????.
???? "??? ?????" ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? 1989? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????.
??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? 21 ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ????? 21 ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????.
???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? 27 ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????. ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????.
?? ????? ??? ???????? ? ?????? 172 ????? (108 ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????) ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????: ???? ????? ????? 21? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????: ? .????? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? 1994 ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? 1996? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????. ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????.
?? ??? 1997? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????"??? ????? +5"??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? 21 ??????? .
??? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? 2000? ???? ??? ??????? .
??? ??? 2002? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????.
?? ??????? 2005, 2008, and 2010 ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????.
??? ??? ?? ??? 2012? ?? ???? ? ??????? ???? ???? ???+20 ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????.
?? ??? 2013? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? 2015 ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????.
??? ?????? ?? ??? 2015? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? 2030 ? .
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????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? 1972 ???? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? (SDGs) ?????? ?? ???????. ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? 6 (???? ????? ???? ???)? ????? 7 (???? ????? ??????? ??????)? ????? 11 (??? ???????? ???????)? ????? 12 (??????? ?????? ???????)? ????? 13 (????? ???????)? ????? 14 (?????? ??? ?????)? ?????? 15 (?????? ??? ?????).
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???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????.
???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 2019? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.
?? ?? ?????? 12 ?????? 2015? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? 1.5 ???? ?????.
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???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? 1972. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????.
??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? 1992? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????.
???? "??? ?????" ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? 1989? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????.
??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? 21 ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ????? 21 ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????.
???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? 27 ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????. ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?????????.
?? ????? ??? ???????? ? ?????? 172 ????? (108 ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????) ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????: ???? ????? ????? 21? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????: ? .????? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? 1994 ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? 1996? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????. ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????.
?? ??? 1997? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? "??? ????? +?" ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? .
??? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? 2000? ???? ??? ??????? .
??? ??? 2002? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?????.
?? ??????? 2005, 2008, and 2010 ? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????.
??? ??? ?? ??? 2012? ?? ???? ? ??????? ???? ???? ???+20 ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????.
?? ??? 2013? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? 2015 ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????.
??? ?????? ?? ??? 2015? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? 2030 ? .
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????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? 1972 ???? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? (SDGs) ?????? ?? ???????. ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? 6 (???? ????? ???? ???)? ????? 7 (???? ????? ??????? ??????)? ????? 11 (??? ???????? ???????)? ????? 12 (??????? ?????? ???????)? ????? 13 (????? ???????)? ????? 14 (?????? ??? ?????)? ?????? 15 (?????? ??? ?????).
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???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????.
???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 2019? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.
?? ?? ?????? 12 ?????? 2015? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? 1.5 ???? ?????.