??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????
???? ????
????? ? ??? ???? ?????? 3 ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???
??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? 2015? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? 2015 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????.
?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????.
???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? 1968? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1970. ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????. ??? ? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????.
????? ????????
??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? 1945 ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????. ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?? ??? 1946 ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? 1949 ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????.
??? ????? ?????/?????? 1953? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?. ???????? ?????? ???? ”????? ????? ?? ??? ??????“ ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? 1957? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ??? ??? 1958? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? 1961? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??? 1964 ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? (??????? INFCIRC/66 ??????????). ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? (?????? 4 ?? ?????? ???????) ???? ????? ?????? ????? (INFCIRC/153) ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ”???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????“. ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????/???? 1997 ?????????? ???????? ??????? (INFCIRC/540). ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? 136 ????.
??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? 1957? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? 1968 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? 25 ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????/???? 1995 - ??? ????? - ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????.
????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????
????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 1970. ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? 1975 ? 1985 ? 2000 ? 2010? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? 1980 ? 1990 ? 1995 ? 2005 ? 2015. ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? (??? ?????? ??????)? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? 1995 ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.
???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? 1995 ????? ???: ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???: (?) ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? (?) ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? (?) ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????.
????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? 2000 ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ”????????? ????????“ ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??? 15 ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????.
????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? 1998? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????.
???? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????. ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? [...] ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????.
??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? 2005 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? 1995 ? 2000.
??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? 2010 ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? 64 ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? (??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????) ????? ????? ??????.
????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? 2015 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? 1995 ???? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????.
??? ??????? ?????????? ??????
???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????/???? 2017 ??? ????/???? 2019. ???? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 1995? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????.
?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? 2020? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? (???????)? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? (??????)? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? (??????). ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????.
????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? 2000? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????????. ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????.
??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????: ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? 1995 ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????.