缅北禁地

children breaking up rocks
Children work at a granite mine in Burkina Faso in 2020. UNICEF is working to withdraw from work and educate children aged 3 to 12 and place young people aged 14 to 17 in training.
Photo:UNICEF/Frank Dejongh

Modern slavery is on the rise

Latest estimates by the (ILO) show that forced labour and forced marriage have increased significantly in the last five years. 10 million more people were in modern slavery in 2021 compared to 2016 global estimates, bringing the total to 50 million worldwide. Women and children remain disproportionately vulnerable.

Although modern slavery is not defined in law, it is used as an umbrella term covering practices such as forced labour, debt bondage, forced marriage, and human trafficking. Essentially, it refers to situations of exploitation that a person cannot refuse or leave because of threats, violence, coercion, deception, and/or abuse of power.

Modern slavery occurs in almost every country in the world, and cuts across ethnic, cultural and religious lines. More than half (52 per cent) of all forced labour and a quarter of all forced marriages can be found in upper-middle income or high-income countries.

ILO has adopted a legally binding , which entered into force in November 2016.

Logo of campaign is a bird with hands as wings

 

We have the chance to make history.

The ’蝉 could restore hope and freedom to millions of people trapped in modern slavery.

But first it must be ratified by countries around the world.

Call on world leaders to ratify the ILO's Protocol on Forced Labour!

Background

The International Day for the Abolition of Slavery, 2 December, marks the date of the adoption, by the General Assembly, of the United Nations Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others ( of 2 December 1949).

The focus of this day is on eradicating contemporary forms of slavery, such as trafficking in persons, sexual exploitation, the worst forms of child labour, forced marriage, and the forced recruitment of children for use in armed conflict.

Main Forms of Modern Slavery

Slavery has evolved and manifested itself in different ways throughout history. Today some traditional forms of slavery still persist in their earlier forms, while others have been transformed into new ones. The 缅北禁地human rights bodies have documented the persistence of old forms of slavery that are embedded in traditional beliefs and customs. These forms of slavery are the result of long-standing discrimination against the most vulnerable groups in societies, such as those regarded as being of low caste, tribal minorities and indigenous peoples.

Forced labour

Alongside traditional forms of forced labour, such as bonded labour and debt bondage there now exist more contemporary forms of forced labour, such as migrant workers, who have been trafficked for economic exploitation of every kind in the world economy: work in domestic servitude, the construction industry, the food and garment industry, the agricultural sector and in forced prostitution.

Child labour

Globally, one in ten children works. The majority of the child labour that occurs today is for economic exploitation. That goes against the , which recognizes “the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’蝉 education, or to be harmful to the child’蝉 health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development.”

Trafficking

According to the , trafficking in persons means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation includes prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. The consent of the person trafficked for exploitation is irrelevant and If the trafficked person is a child, it is a crime even without the use of force.

Did you know?

  • An estimated 50 million people are in modern slavery, including 28 million in forced labour and 22 million in forced marriage.
  • Almost one in eight of all those in forced labour are children. More than half of these children are in commercial sexual exploitation.
  • Most cases of forced labour (86 per cent) are found in the private sector.
  • Almost four out of five of those in forced commercial sexual exploitation are women or girls.

Source: 

Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage

The was produced through a collaboration between the ILO, Walk Free and the International Organization for Migration. It proposes a number of recommended actions which, taken together and swiftly, would mark significant progress towards ending modern slavery. They include: improving and enforcing laws and labour inspections; ending state-imposed forced labour; stronger measures to combat forced labour and trafficking in business and supply chains; extending social protection, and strengthening legal protections, including raising the legal age of marriage to 18 without exception. Other measures include addressing the increased risk of trafficking and forced labour for migrant workers, promoting fair and ethical recruitment, and greater support for women, girls and vulnerable individuals.

Resources

International Instruments

International Labour Organization Conventions

  • (1930)
  • (1930)
  • (1957)
  • (1973)
  • (1999)

Related websites

Journalists have a voice that many workers do not. They can shine a light on abusive practices and the denial of fundamental human and labour rights. This toolkit provides information and advice to media professionals on how to report accurately and effectively on forced labour and fair recruitment. The toolkit includes the Media-friendly glossary on migration.

Three cartoonists from Portugal, Turkey and Uzbekistan have won top prizes in an international cartoon competition aimed at raising awareness about modern slavery. They were chosen by a panel of judges and the general public, out of 460 entries from cartoonists in 65 countries, who responded to the challenge “What if your pencil was a tool against forced labour?” Portuguese cartoonist, Gargalo Vasco was awarded the top prize.
 

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International days and weeks are occasions to educate the public on issues of concern, to mobilize political will and resources to address global problems, and to celebrate and reinforce achievements of humanity. The existence of international days predates the establishment of the United Nations, but the 缅北禁地has embraced them as a powerful advocacy tool. We also mark other 缅北禁地observances.