§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §á§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§Ñ§Þ (§°§°§¯-§·§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä) ¡ª §á§â§Ö§Ø§ß§Ö§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö: §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §á§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§Ñ§Þ ¡ª §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Þ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§à§Ó §á§à§ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§ì§ñ§ã§ß§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à-§á§â§à§á§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ß§Õ§Ú§ã§ä§ã§Ü§à§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í, §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú, §ß§Ñ§â§Ñ§ë§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ñ, §ß§Ñ§Ü§à§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ñ§â§ä§ß§Ö§â§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ö§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ.
§°§°§¯-§·§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ó 1978 §Ô§à§Õ§å. §¿§ä§à §Ó§Ö§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Ö §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú ?? §Ú §Ü§à§à§â§Õ§Ú§ß§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ó §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ö §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §Ó §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ö §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ó§Ñ §á§â§Ú§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§ä§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ: §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§Ý§î§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ö §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§Ö. §£ §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §°§°§¯-§·§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Ó§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§à§à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å §Ó §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§à §è§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó§à§Þ§å §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§ð §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú 100 §Þ§Ý§ß. §Ø§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §ä§â§å§ë§à§Ò §Ü 2020 §Ô§à§Õ§å.
§°§°§¯-§·§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§Ó§Ö §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§í§Ö §Ü§Ñ§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú ¡ª §¤§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Ü§Ñ§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ §Ú §¤§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §Ü§Ñ§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §á§à §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ô§Ñ§â§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Û §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ý§î§Ö§Þ:
- §¤§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ. §£§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ§ç §á§Ý§à§ç§à§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §ß§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ñ §á§â§Ú§Ó§à§Õ§ñ§ä §Ü §å§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §à§Ü§â§å§Ø§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§â§Ö§Õ§í, §â§à§ã§ä§å §ß§Ú§ë§Ö§ä§í, §ã§ß§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ä§Ö§Þ§á§à§Ó §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§à§ã§ä§Ñ §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ú§Ù§à§Ý§ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §¿§ä§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ ¡ª §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à, §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §â§Ö§Ñ§Ô§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §Ú§Ù§Ò§â§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú §á§à§Õ§à§ä§é§Ö§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú, §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ó §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Þ. §¬§Ñ§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Ö§ä §å§á§à§â §ß§Ñ §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ú§ß§Ü§Ý§ð§Ù§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§à§ä§â§Ö§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à §Ú§ã§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ò§Ö§Õ§ß§à§ä§í §Ú §ß§Ñ §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§ð §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß §Ó §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ß§Ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §å§â§à§Ó§ß§ñ§ç.
- §¤§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ô§Ñ§â§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Û §Ó§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ý§î§Ö§Þ. §¿§ä§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ó §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð ?§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§Ý§î§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç? ¡ª §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§à§Ó §±§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§ß§ñ §·§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä. §°§ß§Ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§Ó§í§ç §Ô§Ñ§â§Ñ§ß§ä§Ú§Û §á§â§à§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Û §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§â §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Û §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ú §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ý§î§ñ §Ú §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§Û §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú§ë§Ö. §¬§Ñ§Þ§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§ð §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ý§î§ñ, §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§å§ð §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ú §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§Ñ§Þ §Ò§Ö§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§â§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ñ, §é§ä§à §Ó §á§à§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Þ §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§Ö§Ó §Ò§Ö§Õ§ß§à§Ö §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ö§Ò§Ö §Ø§Ú§Ý§î§Ö. §°§ß§Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ú §â§à§Ý§Ú §Ø§Ö§ß§ë§Ú§ß §Ó §å§ã§á§Ö§ê§ß§à§Û §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ø§Ú§Ý§î§ñ.
§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §á§à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§Ñ§Þ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §Ú §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ó §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ§Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú, §¯§±§° §Ú §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ. §¦§Ö §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §Ú §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§í §ã§Ü§à§ß§è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§í §ß§Ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§â§å§Ô§Ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ, §Ó §ä§à§Þ §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö §ß§Ñ §â§Ö§Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §ä§â§å§ë§à§Ò, §ã§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ò§Ö§Õ§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ§ç, §Ý§Ú§Ü§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §ã§ä§Ú§ç§Ú§Û§ß§í§ç §Ò§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §Ú §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Õ§à§ã§ß§Ñ§Ò§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ü§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Þ§à§Ò§Ú§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §æ§Ú§ß§Ñ§ß§ã§à§Ó§í§ç §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Ó §ß§Ñ §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ø§Ú§Ý§î§Ö§Þ. §¢§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §ï§ä§Ú§ç §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §ã §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú §Õ§Ó§å§ã§ä§à§â§à§ß§ß§Ú§Þ§Ú §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §á§à §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú.
§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §°§°§¯-§·§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ä:
- §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§å §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§ß§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§í§Þ §à§á§í§ä§à§Þ §Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ú§Ü§à§Û §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §â§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ ¡ª §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§å§ð §ã§Ö§ä§î §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§ç §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§à§Ó §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§å§ð §ß§Ñ §Ó§í§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §à§á§í§ä§Ñ §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§ñ§ç §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §Ú §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §å§â§à§Ü§à§Ó §á§â§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ñ.
- §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§å §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§à§Ó ¡ª §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§å§ð §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§å §°§°§¯-§·§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä §Ú §á§à §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ï§Ü§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §â§Ñ§ã§ê§Ú§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
- §±§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§à§Õ§à§ã§ß§Ñ§Ò§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§à§Ó §Ó §¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ö ¡ª §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§å §°§°§¯-§·§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä §Ú §À§¯§¦§±, §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§å§ð §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§å §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Þ§å §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ú §à§ç§â§Ñ§ß§Ö §Ó§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §â§Ö§ã§å§â§ã§à§Ó §à§ä §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Ô§â§ñ§Ù§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ.
- §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§å §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§í §ã§à §ã§ä§Ú§ç§Ú§Û§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ò§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ §Ú §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ú§ß§Ñ§Þ §Ó §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ §Ó§à§ã§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ý§Ú§Ü§Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §ã§ä§Ú§ç§Ú§Û§ß§í§ç §Ò§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û.
- ?§±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§å §Ý§à§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §±§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§ß§ñ §ß§Ñ XXI §Ó§Ö§Ü?, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§å§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§ñ §±§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§ß§ñ §ß§Ñ XXI §Ó§Ö§Ü, §ã§ä§Ú§Þ§å§Ý§Ú§â§å§ñ §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§í §Ó §à§ä§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ§ç §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ. ( ¡ª §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §á§Ý§Ñ§ß §Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§ñ§ç §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ, §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§í§Û §Ó 1992 §Ô§à§Õ§å §ß§Ñ .)
- §¸§Ö§ß§ä§â §á§à §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §Þ§à§ß§Ú§ä§à§â§Ú§ß§Ô§å §Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü§Ö §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§à§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §à§ä§ã§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §ç§à§Õ §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §±§à§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ü§Ú §Õ§ß§ñ §·§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §Ú §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú §à§â§Ú§Ö§ß§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ, §à§Õ§ß§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§ñ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Û §á§à§ä§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§ä§Ò§à§â§Ñ, §ã§Ò§à§â§Ñ, §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §Ú §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û §Ú §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Ó §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ö §â§Ö§Ù§å§ä§î§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§â§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§Ú§Û.
§°§°§¯-§·§Ñ§Ò§Ú§ä§Ñ§ä §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§à§Þ §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ë§Ú§ç, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §á§â§à§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Ù§Ñ§ã§Ö§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù §Ó §Õ§Ó§Ñ §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. §±§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ §Ó§í§á§å§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§Ó§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ: The Global Report on Human Settlements (?§¤§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §Õ§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §à §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§Ñ§ç?) ¡ª §á§à§Ý§ß§í§Û §à§Ò§Ù§à§â §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ó§à §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ú§â§Ö ¡ª §Ú State of the World's Cities (?§³§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§à§Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ?).