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¡°I found it fascinating as a leader [¡­] to be in an environment of collective fear [¡­] people naturally go to a place of great horror [¡­] yet you're trying to buffer it yourself, because you've got to function [¡­] The second point is the ego of leadership [¡­] you've got to be very careful that you're not letting the ego of ¡®I can do everything' [...] isn't driving you past the point of really solid judgement and solid reflection.¡±

Deborah Lyons knows how to keep a cool head in a crisis. In August 2021, when the Taliban seized control of Afghanistan, Deborah, in her former role as Head of UNAMA, was responsible for ensuring the safety of staff across the country, among them many women.

In this episode, Deborah Lyons reflects on the tragedy facing Afghan women, the trauma of the Taliban takeover, and what it takes to lead in turbulent times.

:: Deborah Lyons interviewed by Melissa Fleming

¡°We were surrounded by the Islamic State. And we had no weapons even to fight. We had nothing. We were left alone.¡±

Adiba Qasim has shown extraordinary courage and resilience. She narrowly escaped when her village was stormed by Islamic State militants who killed and enslaved thousands of Yazidis. This is her story.

Returning to northern Iraq in 2015, Adiba threw herself into humanitarian work, aiding survivors who had been enslaved by the militants. In this special bitesize episode she reflects on the horrors she witnessed, on battling survivors¡¯ guilt, and on her motivation to help others.

This is a BiteSize episode excerpt from S2-Episode 7.

:: Adiba Qasim interviewed by Melissa Fleming

¡°I noticed this woman with a 10-year-old boy. He never looked up, his eyes were down, and he never blinked. And I just kept on thinking, what has this boy seen on his journey here?¡±

Ugochi Daniels was just six years old when her family fled the civil war in Nigeria. Now the International Organization for Migration¡¯s Deputy Director General for Operations, she is often struck by the pain of uprooted children, most recently those escaping from Ukraine.

Women and children are particularly vulnerable when they have left their home ¨C no matter for what reason. Across the world, IOM is dedicated to promoting humane and orderly migration for the benefit of all. In this episode, Ugochi Daniels reflects on efforts to meet the needs of people on the move, and on a life dedicated to the service of others.

¡°Making a difference for women and girls ¡­ it¡¯s not just what keeps me awake at night, but it's what gets me out of bed in the morning with energy and purpose and conviction.¡±

:: Ugochi Daniels interviewed by Melissa Fleming

¡°It was a miracle I survived that day. I was just lucky, it just wasn¡¯t my day to go.¡±

Giles Duley used to live the rock¡¯n¡¯roll life of a fashion photographer, but now travels the world¡¯s war zones documenting the lives of those caught up in conflict. He stepped on a landmine while working in Afghanistan and lost three of his limbs, and very nearly his life. This is his story.

Incredibly fortunate to be alive, few of Giles¡¯ family and friends believed that he would work again after the accident. But he knew otherwise. Photographing Syrian refugees for UNHCR on the Greek islands, he found his way back into life and work. In this special bitesize episode, Giles Duley reflects on his drive to help others, tell life-changing stories, and on finding the strength to return from rock bottom.

¡°I always say it was those Syrian refugees ¡­ that gave me my life back. That¡¯s why my commitment to telling the stories of refugees is a personal one because I owe them everything. ¡°

This is a BiteSize episode excerpt from S1-Episode 4.

:: Giles Duley interviewed by Melissa Fleming

¡°Every single person indicted is exactly the opposite of a hero. And the only heroes in fact are the survivors and victims.¡±

Serge Brammertz is one of the world's leading international prosecutors. As Chief Prosecutor of the International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT), he leads the process of tracking down fugitive criminals from wars in the former Yugoslavia, and the genocide in Rwanda.

Decades on from the brutal Balkan wars of the 1990s, genocide denial and glorification of war criminals remain rife in the region. In this episode, Serge Brammertz reflects on his life-long quest to bring war criminals to justice, on working with the survivors of genocide, and what he has learned about the human condition.

¡°I very early discovered that there's nothing which can justify any war from an individual perspective ¡­ it¡¯s always a failure.¡±

:: Serge Brammertz interviewed by Melissa Fleming

¡°We don't have to be naive, but we have to believe in change, because change has happened. And we can make it happen again.¡±

Despite monitoring multiple global crises, Rebeca Grynspan has never lost her faith in the power of change. As Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), she is assessing the impact of the war in Ukraine on cash-strapped countries still reeling from the pandemic.

A trio of crises ¨C climate change, COVID-19, and the war in Ukraine ¨C are setting global development by decades, with vulnerable countries worst affected by global food and energy shortages. In this episode, Rebeca Grynspan reflects on these setbacks, their disproportionate impact on women, and why the world can never give up on the promise of development.

:: Rebeca Grynspan interviewed by Melissa Fleming

¡°It¡¯s difficult because you¡¯re wondering why others have died and you¡¯re alive. And for those who did not survive [¡­] I felt like having a responsibility somehow to do something that would make them proud of me.¡±

Monique Sokhan survived the Cambodian genocide, having fled the Khmer Rouge terror when she was just a small child. Now, working as Senior Protection Coordinator, at UNHCR¡¯s Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific, she is still searching for answers about the atrocities that killed many of her family members.

Dedicating her life to humanitarian work, Monique soon found herself face to face with the very people who were responsible for killing her own family and friends. In this special bitesize episode, she reflects on her quest to understand the perpetrators of genocide, on reserving judgement, and on the unanswered questions that continue to haunt her.

This is a BiteSize episode excerpt from S2-Episode 2.

:: Monique Sokhan interviewed by Melissa Fleming

¡°What is keeping me awake at night is the horror of knowing that it hasn't ended yet and that there are more people alive today that are very likely to be dead tomorrow.¡±

Osnat Lubrani knows first-hand the horrors of war. As Ãå±±½ûµØResident Coordinator and Humanitarian Coordinator in Ukraine, she has witnessed the dramatic changes since the Russian invasion and rapidly mounting needs as the war tears lives apart across the country.

At least 15.7 million Ukrainians are now in urgent need of humanitarian aid, with the Ãå±±½ûµØworking to expand existing programs and establish new life-saving operations. Yet access to some of the most vulnerable is proving extremely problematic. In this episode, Osnat Lubrani reflects on the frustrating battle to reach them, what it feels like to receive distressing cries for help, and what gives her hope when all seems lost.

:: Osnat Lubrani interviewed by Melissa Fleming

"The war [in the Ukraine] is affecting the sustainable development of every single country in our region [...] The war was used as a pretext to walk back on certain already feeble commitments in terms of climate."

Vladislav Kaim is dedicated to protecting the environment. A member of the Ãå±±½ûµØYouth Advisory Group on Climate Change, he promotes green jobs, the energy transition, and generous climate finance - urgent priorities for our rapidly warming world. Yet the war in Ukraine has blown apart regional and global networks working towards a livable future.

As a Moldovan, Vladislav Kaim has seen how the devastating war in Ukraine has affected the region and turned people's attention away from the climate emergency. In this episode, he reflects on the effect of the war on long-term climate action, and on his fears for loved ones in the region.

:: Vladislav Kaim interviewed by Melissa Fleming

¡°Sometimes it can be very overwhelming, you really feel for the people and the suffering that they're going through.¡±

Unaisi Vuniwaqa has witnessed terrible suffering. As the Assistant Secretary-General for Safety and Security, she has worked as a Ãå±±½ûµØpeacekeeper in some of the world¡¯s most dangerous places.

What does it take to stay calm in the crossfire?

Peacekeepers have one of the toughest roles in the United Nations. Serving in brutal conflicts, such as that in South Sudan, can mean drawing on all their reserves of courage and ingenuity.

In this episode, Unaisi Vuniwaqa reflects on what it takes to keep a cool head while in mortal danger and on maintaining the safety of Ãå±±½ûµØstaff and peacekeepers around the world.

:: Unaisi Vuniwaqa interviewed by Melissa Fleming

¡°When I meet with children, I just see that there's always that glimpse of hope in their eyes and that drive to make a future for themselves.¡±

Bo Viktor Nylund has always been drawn to complex, difficult places. As the Representative of UNICEF in Syria, he is a passionate advocate for the rights of children growing up in one of the world¡¯s most thorny and protracted crises.

Children continue to bear the brunt of Syria¡¯s decade-old conflict, with millions of childhoods shattered through destruction, displacement, and death. Meanwhile, thousands of children of Islamic State fighters, some as young as 12, are being held indefinitely in camps in the country¡¯s north. In this episode, Bo Viktor Nylund reflects on their grim plight and his determination to do right by every Syrian child hoping for a better future through education.

¡°The situation of the children who have been affiliated with Islamic State is basically a time bomb in the making.¡±

:: Bo Viktor Nylund interviewed by Melissa Fleming

¡°Some days, I sometimes wish I hadn't been here before the 15th of August, because then I wouldn't have seen the hope and the promise and the potential.¡±

What is it like living and working in Afghanistan as a woman leader of a Ãå±±½ûµØAgency? Mary-Ellen McGroarty witnessed the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan in August 2021. As Head of the World Food Programme in the country, she has seen first hand the seismic shift in the economic, political and cultural landscape.

Now, over 50% of Afghans are threatened with hunger. People are unable to go out to work either because of the economic crisis or, in the case of millions of women, because of new restrictions on their freedom. In this episode, Mary-Ellen McGroarty reflects on the impact of the takeover, the scale of the ensuing humanitarian crisis, and what it¡¯s like sitting face to face with the Taliban.

:: Mary-Ellen McGroarty interviewed by Melissa Fleming