?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? (CITES) ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????.
???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? (SDGs) ???? ??????? ?????.
??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? 14 (?????? ??? ?????) ?? ????? 15 (?????? ?? ????)? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? 1 (?????? ??? ?????)? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????.
??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? (IPBES)? ????: ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????.
??? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????.
???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? (CITES) ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ???????.
??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? () ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????.
?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? 1 ?14 ?15 ????? ????? 12 (???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????).
????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ???????
????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? (CBD) ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? (CMS). ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? (CITES) ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????.
?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????.
??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? (CITES) ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ??? 183 ?? ????????? (182 ???? ???????? ????????) ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? 37,000 ??? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????.
??? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????.
?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? 1975 ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????.
??? ??? 2007 ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? 2019 ??? 20 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????: ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? 3,000 ???? ??? ?? ??? 1969 ??? ???? ?? 160,000 ??? ??? ?? ??? 2018 ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? "????? ????? ?????" ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? (IUCN).
??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????.
????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????
??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? "??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????". ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????.
???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????.
??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? 2030. ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? 2019? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? 3 ????/ ???? - ????? ??????? ?????? ??????.
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
??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? 2020 ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????.
?
?
????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????.