????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????
??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? (1473 - 1543). ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???. ????? ???????? ""De Revolutionibus orbium coelestium"" (????? ?????? ????????)? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????.
?? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? 500 ???. ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????.
???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? (1909-1974) ????? ?? ????? ???????.
?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ??? 1973? ?????? 500 ???????.
??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ""??? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? "".