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a) §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ø§Ú§Ý§î§ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç;
b) §ã§à§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú;
1 §³§à§Ó§à§Ü§å§á§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §á§à §Ó§ß§å§ä§â§Ö§ß§ß§Ú§Þ §â§Ñ§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ §Ú §à§æ§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ð §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §á§å§ß§Ü§ä§à§Ó §à§ä§ã§å§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä. §°§Õ§ß§Ñ§Ü§à, §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Þ §á§à 16 §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ §ã §ß§Ú§Ù§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Õ§à§ç§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Þ§ã§ñ §Ó §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ö W§àrld D§Öv§Öl§à§âm§Önt R§Ö§â§àrt, 1991, §Õ§à§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ç§à§Õ§à§Ó §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §ß§å§Ø§Õ§í §Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú§ë§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô, §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó 1989 §Ô§à§Õ§å §Ó §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Þ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ú 5,6 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ, §á§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Û §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î ¡ª 15,1 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§Ý§ã§ñ §Ó §º§â§Ú-§§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ö, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ü §Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Þ§å §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ§í §Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú§ë§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §£ §á§â§à§Þ§í§ê§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§í§ç §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§ç §°§¿§³§² §Ó §ä§à§Þ §Ø§Ö §Ô§à§Õ§å §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§ß§í§Û §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î §â§Ñ§ã§ç§à§Õ§à§Ó §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §ß§Ñ §ß§å§Ø§Õ§í §Ø§Ú§Ý§Ú§ë§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §å§ã§Ý§å§Ô§Ú, §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ö §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ç§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò§í§Ý §Ó §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ç 29,3¨C49,4 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ, §á§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§ñ§ñ §Ó§Ö§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ß§Ñ §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ 39 §á§â§à§è§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó (W§àrld §£§Ñnk, W§àrld D§Öv§Öl§à§âm§Önt R§Ö§â§àrt, 1991, W§àrld D§Öv§Öl§à§âm§Önt Indi§ã§Ñt§àrs, §´§Ñbl§Ö 11 (W§Ñshingt§àn, D.§³., 1991).
2 §³§Þ. §Õ§à§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§â§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §ï§Ü§à§ß§à§Þ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ã§à§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ, §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ó§Ñ§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ó 1988 §Ô§à§Õ§å (§¡/44/324¨C§¦/1989/106/§¡dd.4, §á§â§Ú§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö).
3 W§àrld §£§Ñnk, §¡nnu§Ñl R§Ö§â§àrt, 1991 (W§Ñshingt§àn, D.§³., 1991).
4 §±§²§°§°§¯, ?§±§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§à §Ú§ß§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§è§Ú§ñ§Þ §Ó §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §ã §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Þ§Ú §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §±§²§°§°§¯, 1988 §Ô§à§Õ?, §ä§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ú§è§Ñ 1, ?§²§Ñ§Ù§Ò§Ú§Ó§Ü§Ñ §á§à §ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ§Þ §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó §á§à §Ú§ß§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§è§Ú§ñ§Þ §ß§Ñ 1988¨C1989 §Ô§à§Õ§í?.